The Action of Signals

Relevance of microbial nitrogen metabolism to production of secondary metabolites. In Overproduction of Microbial Products (V. Krumphanzl, B. Sikyta, Z. Vanek, eds.), pp. 63-75. Academic Press, London 1982 

Hostalek, Z. Catabolite regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis. Folia Microbiol. 25, 445-450 (1980) 

Martin, J. F. Control of antibiotic synthesis by phosphate. Adv. Biochem. Eng. 6, 105 (1977) Weinberg, D. Secondary metabolism regulation by phosphate and trace elements. Folia Microbiol. 23, 496-504 (1978) 

A large number of chemical and physical signals mediate the interaction of cells with their surrounding, i.e., the adaptation of cells to the metabolic and functional requirements imposed by the nutrient milieu or by adjacent cells. Many of these signals act as effectors of differential gene expression. 

The classification into substrate-like and nonsubstrate-like signals is, however, not a strict one and certainly does not imply a principal difference in the mode of action. It is complicated by the following facts  

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In this chapter we concentrate on hormones, pheromones, and kairomons. Toxicants, such as the dioxins and the many poisons, act by interfering with the signal systems, causing cells to divide. The can also cause genes to transcribe RNA, as well as the nerve poisons and interfere with the action of signal molecules. This is described in other chapters. 

Short-Term and Long-Term Consequences of the Action of Signaling Pathways... 

Tabakoff B, Nelson E, Yoshimura M et al (2001) Phosphorylation cascades control the actions of ethanol on cell cAMP signalling. J Biomed Sci 8 44—51... 

The members of Group 1 are called the alkali metals. The chemical properties of these elements are unique and strikingly similar from one to another. Nevertheless, there are differences, and the subtlety of some of these differences is the basis of the most subtle property of matter consciousness. Our thinking, which relies on the transmission of signals along neurons, is achieved by the concerted action of sodium and potassium ions and their carefully regulated migration across membranes. So, even to learn about sodium and potassium, we have to make use of them in our brains. 

Set the number of decimal places displayed to simulate the action of digital signal acquisition 1 would mean the result of a measurement is clipped to the first decimal. 

Section V deals with aspects of extracellular and intracellular communication. Topics covered include membrane structure and function, the molecular bases of the actions of hormones, and the key field of signal transduction. 

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