Thallium isotope

Rehk per M, Frank M, Hein JR, Porcelli D, Halliday A, Ingri J, Liebeh au V (2002) Thallium isotope variations in seawater and hydrogenetic, diagenetic, and hydrodiermal ferromanganese deposits. Earth Planet Sci Lett 197 65-81... 

Nielsen SG, Rehkamper M, Norman MD, HaUiday AN, Harrison D (2006) Thallium isotopic evidence for ferromanganese sediments in the mantle source of Hawaiian basalts. Nature 439 314-317... 

Nielsen SG, Rehkamper M, Brandon AD, Norman MD, Turner S, O Reilly SY (2007) Thallium isotopes in Iceland and Azores lavas - Implications for the role of altered crust and mantle geochemistry. Earth Planet Sd Lett 264 332-345 Nier AO (1950) A redetermination of the relative abundances of the isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, argon and potassium. Phys Rev 77 789... 

The experimental work here has shown that the deformation of the isomeric 9/2 states in the light thallium isotopes is increasing with decreasing neutron number while the 1/2 state remains relatively constant. This work shows the fallacy of assuming that a constant moment of inertia infers a constant deformation. Theoretically, this work has demonstrated an interesting aspect of the competition between quadrupole and pairing correlations in near-singly-closed-shell nuclei. 

Fig. 18. Accumulated peak heights of the thallium isotope at m/z 203 (29.5 % natural abundance) as a function of the total sample amount of thallium desorbed in one FD analysis ...

Baker, R.G.A., Schonbachler, M., Rehkamper, M., Williams, H., and Halliday, A.N. (2010) The thallium isotope composition of carbonaceous chondrites — new evidence for live Pb in the early solar system. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 291, 39—47. 

Nielsen, S.G., Mar-Gerrison, S., Gannoun, A., LaRowe, D Klemm, V., Halliday, A.N., Burton, K.W., and Hein, J.R. (2009) Thallium isotope evidence for a permanent increase in marine organic carbon export in the early Eocene. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 278, 297-307. 

D. Goorvitch, S.P. Davis, H. Kleiman, Isotope Shift and Hyperfine Structure of the Neutron-Deficient Thallium Isotopes, Phys. Rev. 188 1897 (1969). 

When freshly exposed to air, thallium exhibits a metallic luster, but soon develops a bluish-gray tinge, resembling lead in appearance. A heavy oxide builds up on thallium if left in air, and in the presence of water the hydride is formed. The metal is very soft and malleable. It can be cut with a knife. Twenty five isotopic forms of thallium, with atomic masses ranging from 184 to 210 are recognized. Natural thallium is a mixture of two isotopes. A mercury-thallium alloy, which forms a eutectic at 8.5% thallium, is reported to freeze at -60C, some 20 degrees below the freezing point of mercury. 

Lead (13 ppm) is by far the most abundant of the heavy elements, being approached amongst these only by thallium (8.1 ppm) and uranium (2.3 ppm). This abundance is related to the fact that 3 of the 4 naturally occurring isotopes of lead (206, 207 and 208) arise primarily as the stable end products of the natural radioactive series. Only (1.4%)... 

The amount of oxygen dissolved in a sample of water can be determined by using thallium metal containing a small amount of the isotope Tl-204. When excess thallium is added to oxygen-containing water, the following reaction occurs. 

Murozumi M (1981) Isotope dilution mass spectrometry of copper, cadmium, thallium, and lead in marine environments. Presented at The American Chemical Society Congress, Hawaii... 

Aston EW (1932) The isotopic constitution and atomic weights of cesium, strontium, lithium, rubidium, barium, scandium and thallium. Proc Roy Soc A 134 571 Bach RO (ed) (1985) Lithium—Current Applications in Science, Medicine, and Technology. Wiley-Interscience, New York... 

ISOTOPES There are a total of 55 Isotopes for thallium. All are radioactive with relatively short half-lives, and only two are stable. The stable ones are Tl-203, which constitutes 29.524% of the element s existence in the Earth s crust, and Tl-205, which makes up 70.476% of the element s natural abundance found in the Earth s crust. 

Ununtrium is located on the periodic chart in group 13 (IIIA) just below thallium and indium. It is expected to have chemical and physical properties similar to these two homo-logues. Since only one or two unstable atoms of the isotopes of ununtrium have been synthesized, its melting point, boiling point, and density are not known. 

Isotope fractionation is pronounced when the mass differences between the isotopes of a specific element are large relative to the mass of the element. Therefore, isotope fractionations are especially large for the light elements (up to a mass number of about 40). Recent developments in analytical techniques have opened the possibility to detect small variations in elements with much higher mass numbers. The heaviest element for which natural variations have been reported is thallium with isotopes of masses 203 and 205 (Rehkamper and HalU-day 1999). 

The heaviest elements with observed fractionations of about 3 to 4%c are mercury and thallium. This is surprising because isotope variations due to mass-dependent fractionations should be much smaller. Schauble (2007) demonstrated that isotope variations for the heaviest elements are controlled by nuclear volume, a fractionation effect being negligible for the light elements. Nuclear volume fractionations may... 

Rehkamper M, Frank M, Hein JR, HaUiday A (2004) Cenozoic marine geochemistry of thallium deduced from isotopic studies of feromanganese crusts and pelagic sediments. Earth Planet Sci Letters 219 77-91... 

Scarce, malleable, highly toxic leadlike metal its isotope thallium-201 is used in diagnostic medicine. 

Berman DS, Kiat H, Friedman JD, Wang FP, van TK, Matzer L et al. Separate acquisition rest thallium-201/ stress technetium-99m sestamibi dual-isotope myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography a clinical validation study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993 22 1455-1464... 

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