Texture coefficient

Other possibility is the application of sonication during the dissolution of electrodeposited metals such as copper or nickel [74]. For both, the texture coefficient of the dissolved plane is affected, and is dependent on the plastic deformation by the shock wave and jet flow pressures. For both metals, the author sees that the greatest effect of ultrasound is located around 20 and 40 kHz. However, there is a marked difference between the two metals. Copper demonstrated the greatest effects at 45 kHz while nickel was most dramatically affected at the lower frequency of 28 kHz, but the possible reasons for that are not provided by the authors. 

Brudnyi and Karmadonov described the degree of crystal orientation at the surface of a burnished film in terms of a reflection or texture coefficient C, such that... 

As might be expected, this simple picture does not hold perfectly. The coefficient of friction tends to increase with increasing velocity and also is smaller if the pavement is wet [14]. On a wet road, /x may be as small as 0.2, and, in fact, one of the principal reasons for patterning the tread and sides of the tire is to prevent the confinement of a water layer between the tire and the road surface. Similarly, the texture of the road surface is important to the wet friction behavior. Properly applied, however, measurements of skid length provide a conservative estimate of the speed of the vehicle when the brakes are first applied, and it has become a routine matter for data of this kind to be obtained at the scene of a serious accident. 

Figure 2 Gradients in Rb around a maize root as visualized by autoradiography. The depletion of Rb depends on the diffusion coefficient (D,.) which in turn depends on the soil texture. (From Ref. 12.)...

As already mentioned, the cavity term corresponds to the endoeigic process of separating the solvent molecules to provide a suitably sized and shaped enclosure for the solute, and measures the work required for such a purpose. This term is related to the tightness or structuredness of solvents as caused by intermolecular solvent/solvent interactions. The association of solvent molecules in the liquid state in order to accommodate the solute molecules can be quantified by means of the surface area and texture of the solute that are related with the m coefficient and by the cohesive pressure of the solvent given by fl. 

Textural and Rheological Characteristics of Raw and Cooked Potatoes 257 Table 9.4 Pearson correlation coefficients for rheological and selected textural properties... 

We have omitted discussing such interesting properties of liquid-crystal solutions as the Frank elastic constants, the Leslie viscosity coefficients, cholesteric pitch, textured structure (or defects), and rheo-optics. Some of them are reviewed in recent literature [8,167], but the level of their experimental and theoretical studies still remains largely qualitative. 

C.G. Qiu and M.A. Rao, Effect of Dispersed Phase on the Slip Coefficient of Apple Sauce in a Concentric Cylinder Viscometer, J. Texture Studies, 16 179-192 (1989). 

The system response is texture measured as the pressure in milligrams required to puncture the patty in a standardized setup. The response was obtained by replicating trials. The complete 56 coefficients regression model is obtained by multiplying each member in a seven-coefficient model for the mixture composition. 

In the paper we propose a new method of iris texture coding and feature extraction, and its application to internet security. We shortly introduce the iris coding method based on Zak-Gabor coefficients sequence, the routines for optimal iris features selection, and we show how these ideas may be implemented into a secure remote access system. A prototype of remote such authentication device was built and tested with the use of an iris database. 

The scales and frequencies of Zak-Gabor coefficients included into the code have a strong influence on the overall method s efficiency. Since D and k are dependent, they should be considered simultaneously. Their optimal selection is complicated, since we cannot a priori guess the most common frequencies that characterize all iris images, due to huge and unknown iris texture variability. 

The molecular theory of Doi [63,166] has been successfully applied to the description of many nonlinear rheological phenomena in PLCs. This theory assumes an un-textured monodomain and describes the molecular scale orientation of rigid rod molecules subject to the combined influence of hydrodynamic and Brownian torques, along with a potential of interaction (a Maier-Saupe potential is used) to account for the tendency for nematic alignment of the molecules. This theory is able to predict shear thinning viscosity, as well as predictions of the Leslie viscosity coefficients used in the LE theory. The original calculations by Doi for this model employed a preaveraging approximation that was later... 

The Coefficient of Correlation of a Two-composition System in Terms of Probabilities Consider a two-composition texture of concentrations x and x2 shown in the figure below. Following a (mental) process of dipole throwing, we find that fen of them fell with both ends on composition x, k.22 fell with both ends on composition X2, and fen fell with one end on composition x and the other on X2-... 

The Scale of Segregation of a Striped Texture Using the coefficient of correlation from the previous problem, show that the linear scale of segregation (perpendicular to the stripes) of the texture of the figure in Problem 7.21 is given by... 

Because of the low absorption coefficient of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon, it is mandatory to optimize light scattering within thin film silicon solar cells by the use of suitably textured (rough) interfaces and surfaces. This paragraph comments about the ideal surface roughness for ZnO layers deposited by CVD, and used as front or back contacts within amorphous, microcrystalline (and micromorph) solar cells. 

In the most simplistic means of defining particle shape, measurements may be classified as either macroscopic or microscopic methods. Macroscopic methods typically determine particle shape using shape coefficients or shape factors, which are often calculated from characteristic properties of the particle such as volume, surface area, and mean particle diameter. Microscopic methods define particle texture using fractals or Fourier transforms. Additionally electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis have proved useful for shape analysis of fine particles. 

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