Texture analyzer

The solid-like properties may be measured by non-destructive dynamic rheology analysis or by destructive methods using a Penetrometer, Jelly Tester, Instron instruments, or other types of texture analyzers. The latter methods are the most useful due to their simplicity and speed. Texture analysis of whippable emulsion must always be compared with the amount of air incorporated into the foam, which is known as percentage overrun and is calculated as follows ... 

A study compared the buccal mucoadhesive properties for different polymeric films that differed in their cross-linking status [91]. Synthetic (Carbopol 971P, PCP), semisynthetic (SCMS), and natural carrageenan (X-type) were analyzed for their mucoadhesive properties using a TA-XT2i texture analyzer. 

Mechanical properties Dynamic mechanical analyzer Texture analyzer Compaction simulator Instron material test system... 

Rao, M. A., Cooley, H. J., Walter, R. H., and Downing, D. L. (1989). Evaluation of texture of pectin jellies with the Voland-Stevens texture analyzer. J. Text. Studies 20 87—95. 

Change in percent recovery (springiness) in marshmallow measured using Instron texture analyzer over 17 weeks of storage at 21% RH and 25°C. 

The mechanical properties of the films were determined with a texture analyzer TA-XT21 (Microstable System, Godaiming, England). Prior to the measurements, film samples were conditioned in the same environment at 25°C and 58% RH for at least 2 days. All properties measurements were performed immediately after removing film specimens from the chamber to minimize moisture variances of these natural hydrophilic films. 

Texture determination textural properties of starch gels were determined using a TA-XT2 texture analyzer (Stable Micro Systems, Scarsdale, NY, USA). A textural profile analysis (TPA) test was performed using a 0.50 S sphere (0.5 in. diameter) probe on gels equilibrated to room temperature to measure hardness and adhesiveness. Only the samples with starch concentration of 10% (% s/w) could be analyzed because they had a texture that fell within the detectability limit of the instrument. At least ten replicates were rim for each gel. 

Texture analyzers are also used to assess deformability of a fluid, using penetration force vs. depth profiles, etc. These instruments in addition to Brookfield and Haake viscometers are common QC metrics. Other methods include viscosity flow cups and bubble or falling ball viscometers, and several relevant standard test methods include ASTM D1200, DIN/ISO 2431, ASTM D5125, BS3900 Part A6, ASTM D1545, and ASTM D1725. 

Texture Analyzer (Stable Microsystems England) TA-XT2 Low-fat (2%) milk instant nonfat milk, instant coffee, ground coffee, cornmeal... 

Swyngedau s equation has proven to be a good model descriptor of food powder agglomerate compression (Yan and Barbosa-Canovas, 1997, 2000). Yan and Barbosa-Canovas (1997) converted the Swyngedau model into Equation 17, which allows for the direct use of force-deformation readings recorded from a TA-TX2 texture analyzer. 

In recent years various test instruments have been developed to measure texture of a number of food products. Some of these instruments also have been used to test jellies. One of these is the Voland Stevens Texture Analyzer (Fig. 4). 

Figure 5 - Internal Strength Curves Obtained with Voland Stevens Texture Analyzer...

The gels were tested in a StevensjLFRA Texture Analyzer. The modulus of rigidity, E,Pa(N/m ), was calculated from the load causing compression of one or two millimeters, in which range the stress-strain curve was linear. The breaking load (in grams) was also determine. The... 

Tensile failure stress and strain were analysed by Texture Analyzer TX (TA, XT.2, England) using standard method of ISO 1184-1983. 

The viscoelastic properties of films were determined by stress relaxation tests with a texture analyzer TA.XT2i (SMS). The films were cut into strips of 15 mm width and 100 mm lengths and affixed to the instrument. The initial grip separation and crosshead speed were 80 mm and 0.9mm/sec, respectively. The instrument was set for a deformation of 1 %, which was held constant for 70 sec. The force required to maintain this deformation was monitored by a microcomputer in real time. The viscoelastic properties were calculated according to the Burgers model (Equation 1) ... 

Standard bloom jar, TAXT2 texture analyzer, spherical 242 5.7... 

Standard bloom jar, Stevens texture analyzer, spherical 213 1.2... 

Bacterial celluloses, sized 7.5 x 7.5 x 1 cm, were used after incubation in a hot oven at 100 °C for 3 h. Texture was analyzed with a texture analyzer (TA-XT21, Memmert, Germany) with Crip Sraeture Rig (HDP/CFS). The instrument was set as follows 4 cm distance between probe and samples, 1.0 mm/s pretest speed, 1.0 mm/s test speed, and 10.0 mm/s post-test speed. The compression test was run at a rate of 20 times per sample. The compression force was reported. 

In order to characterize the adhesive properties of the blends we used mainly the instrumented probe test developed in our own laboratory [35]. While it is in principle identical to the type of probe tester presented by Zosel [36] and currently commercialized by Stable Microsystems under the name Texture Analyzer, our design has introduced some important differences, shown schematically in Fig. 22.7. We have added a 45° mirror and a video camera to be able to visualize the contact area through a transparent substrate, and a very stiff tripod to be able to adjust the parallelism between the adhesive film and the probe in order to maximize the contact area. Additionally, compared with the commercial instrument, the compliance of our probe tester is much lower, avoiding some of the interpretation problems associated with testing a stiff layer with a compliant... 

A15% protein solution was heated in 200mL cans for 60min. The gel strength, expressed in grams, was measured at room temperature with a Stevens Texture Analyzer [74] (cylindrical plunger 1 ) to a penetration depth of 40mm at a speed of 2.0mm/s (Table 3.9). 

Brookfield Engineering Laboratories recently announced the appointment of ERIC CHIANG to the position of product manager, texture analyzers. Chiang takes the place of LEN THIBODEAU, who recently announced his retirement. Thibodeau has served as product manager since 2005. 

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