Tetryl decomposition temperature

Ditetryl is more sensitive to impact than tetryl (it is exploded by a 2 kg weight falling 21-26 cm as compared with 49-51 cm for tetryl). Its ignition temperature is 214°C (that of tetryl is 196°C). It is much less stable than tetryl decomposition occurred on heating at 95°C for 4 days (tetryl withstands 185 days heating [66]). 

Brisance — no info Decomposition Temperature — 180° with evolution of white fumes Detonation Velocity — 7132m/sec at density 1.35 Heat of Combustion at Cv and 18°— 519kcal/mole Heat of Formation at Cv — 74.6kcal/nole Hygroscopicity — very high Impact Sensitivity with 5kg Weight — at the heights 1.0 to 1.5 meters only 2 detonations out of 100 drops Initiation Sensitivity — detonates very difficultly at density 0.70 by means of 3g MF Power by CUP Method (Modified Trauzl Test) — 69.5% PA vs Tetryl 120% Stability — low... 

ITC heating of Iclryl increases the rate of burning of the substance. Tlus was already shown by Andreev (V ol. Ill, Fig. 6), by his later work [94J and substantiated by M. M. Jones and Jackson [87] and Japanese authors [86). Tire latter authors found for example that preheating the sample to 180 C lowers its ni.p. by 20 C and the decomposition temperature by 12 C. They also examined the samples of tetryl heated at 165°C for 3 hours by liquid chromatography, by TLC, NMR and mass specirography. They found that 2,4.6-trinitroanisol and picric acid are fonned on the thermal decomposition of tetryl at I60--200 C. 

Tests lasting for many years have shown that 20 years of storage, at room temperature involve no discemable changes in tetryl, nor was any distinct decomposition of tetryl observed at 65°C after 12 months at 75°C after 6 months and at 100°C after 100 hr. 

According to Farmer [32] the activation energy of the thermal decomposition of tetryl =60.0 keal and log 5=27.5. Hinshelwood [38] reports similar values. A. J. B. Robertson [41] found, however, that at higher temperatures (211-260°Q =38.0 kcal and log 5=15.4. According to Szyc-Lewanska [42] at still higher temperatures (260-300°C) the activation energy is even lower, viz. E= approximately 20.0 kcal (based on the data given above [40]). 

Roginskii and Lukin [43] found that tetryl is not liable to explode when heated at 150°C in a sealed ampoule, though at temperatures above 150°C, e.g. between 150 and 170°C, explosion may ensue as result of chain reactions occurring during decomposition on long-continued heating. 

For every 10 °C increase in temperature, the rate of decomposition is approximately doubled, but may increase as much as 50 times if the explosive is in the molten state. The rates of decomposition depend on the condition of storage and the presence of impurities which may act as catalysts. For example, nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose decompose at an accelerated rate due to autocatalysis, whereas the decomposition rate of TNT, picric acid and tetryl can be reduced by removing the impurities which are usually less stable than the explosive itself. With many of the explosives the presence of moisture increases the rate of decomposition. 

The same reaction occurs at lower temperatures 0.665% of a given portion of the material decomposes in 3 years at 20°, 2.43% in 1 year at 35°, 0.65% in 10 days at 50°, and 100% during 14 hours heating at 100°. The decomposition is not self-catalyzed. The product, hexanitrosobenzene, m.p. 159°, is stable, not hygroscopic, not a primary explosive, and is comparable to tetryl in its explosive properties. 

According to Ingraham [19b], tetranitroaniline has shown evidence of decomposition by the heat test at 65.5°C when only a small amount of moisture was pie-sent. The main product of decompositions was II. Prolonged heating at 75°C results in loss of a nitro group. At 120°C decomposition takes place which proceeds in a way similar to that of tetryl. The initiation temperature is 231-233°C. The specific gravity of the product is 1.867 [19],... 

HRGC/MS has been used to identify tetryl in explosive debris (Tamiri and Zitrin 1986). Tetryl was reported to decompose by hydrolysis during the analysis, but its decomposition product, N-methylpicramide, was well defined and served as evidence for the presence of tetryl (Tamiri and Zitrin 1986). The authors of this report concluded that the hydrolysis of tetryl during the GC analysis could take place at the injector, which was held at relatively high temperatures (Tamiri and Zitrin... 

Thermal Decomposition. Betw 80 140° a reversible deamination occurs with the loss of 4 moles of ammonia, and betw 240 280° an irreversible exothermic reaction occurs resulting finally in an expln at ca 280°. A residue of Ni oxide contg some chloride is left (Ref 17) Hydrazine Complex. A complex with the empirical compn Ni(C104)2-Ni(0H)C104.5N2H4.-H2 0 has been reported to be a pale blue solid (Ref 5) with the following expl props Effectiveness as a Detonator. Wts of the subs which will initiate the following expls are Tetryl O.lOg, TNT 0.15g, TNAns 0.45g (Ref 7) Explosion Temperature. 175° (Ref 6)... 

The stirrers were made of stainless steel, since kinetic studies - showed that stainless steel does not affect the rate of thermal decomposition of the substances investigated. In order to choose the method of stirring, the viscosity and its temperature dependence were determined in an Ostwald viscometer for DINA (dinitroxydiethylnitramine) and for tetryl. The viscosity of DINA at the temperatures of the experiment is similar to that of water at room temperature. Therefore water was used as a model of DINA in the preliminary estimation of the efficiency of the stirring. A propeller stirrer was used for stirring DINA. In order to avoid the distortion of the surface of the stirred substance the axle of the stirrer was placed... 

Hara, Kamei and Osada 86] obtained similar results.. Among the gases from the decomposition of tetryl they also found methane. They carried out the experiments at temperatures from 150 to 175 0. By differential thermal analysis they found the endothermic (negative) peak at I31 C due to the melting of the substance and exothermic decomposition occurred at 160 C. They calculated the activation energy as being 35 kcal/mol. This is in agreement with formerly obtained results (Vol. HI, p. 53). 

The sensitivity of azides to heat is one of their properties which can be most precisely determined. The more practically useful substances, such as lead and silver azides, do not detonate until temperatures close to or at their melting points are attained. Among technologically important sohd explosives such as TNT, tetryl, and RDX, the relatively high melting points of lead and silver azides (<300°C) and the good vacuum stability in standard tests are perhaps not representative of their overall sensitivity. Once a threshold temperature has been attained in the azides, the transition from slow decomposition to detonation is... 

Tetryl, also called tetranitromethylaniline, has a melting point of about 130°C with some decomposition. It is nonhygroscopic and practically insoluble in water but highly soluble in acetone and benzene. It can be stored for over 20 years at ambient temperatures with no noticeable change in properties. 

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