Tetrachloromethane tetrachloride

Chlorinated by-products of ethylene oxychlorination typically include 1,1,2-trichloroethane chloral [75-87-6] (trichloroacetaldehyde) trichloroethylene [7901-6]-, 1,1-dichloroethane cis- and /n j -l,2-dichloroethylenes [156-59-2 and 156-60-5]-, 1,1-dichloroethylene [75-35-4] (vinyhdene chloride) 2-chloroethanol [107-07-3]-, ethyl chloride vinyl chloride mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrachloromethanes (methyl chloride [74-87-3], methylene chloride [75-09-2], chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride [56-23-5])-, and higher boiling compounds. The production of these compounds should be minimized to lower raw material costs, lessen the task of EDC purification, prevent fouling in the pyrolysis reactor, and minimize by-product handling and disposal. Of particular concern is chloral, because it polymerizes in the presence of strong acids. Chloral must be removed to prevent the formation of soflds which can foul and clog operating lines and controls (78). 

Chlorination of various hydrocarbon feedstocks produces many usehil chlorinated solvents, intermediates, and chemical products. The chlorinated derivatives provide a primary method of upgrading the value of industrial chlorine. The principal chlorinated hydrocarbons produced industrially include chloromethane (methyl chloride), dichloromethane (methylene chloride), trichloromethane (chloroform), tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride), chloroethene (vinyl chloride monomer, VCM), 1,1-dichloroethene (vinylidene chloride), 1,1,2-trichloroethene (trichloroethylene), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene), mono- and dichloroben2enes, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform), 1,1,2-trichloroethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride [540-59-0], EDC). 

Carbon tetrachloride [56-23-5] (tetrachloromethane), CCl, at ordinary temperature and pressure is a heavy, colorless Hquid with a characteristic nonirritant odor it is nonflammable. Carbon tetrachloride contains 92 wt % chlorine. When in contact with a flame or very hot surface, the vapor decomposes to give toxic products, such as phosgene. It is the most toxic of the chloromethanes and the most unstable upon thermal oxidation. The commercial product frequendy contains added stabilizers. Carbon tetrachloride is miscible with many common organic Hquids and is a powerhil solvent for asphalt, benzyl resin (polymerized benzyl chloride), bitumens, chlorinated mbber, ethylceUulose, fats, gums, rosin, and waxes. 

Tetrachloroethylene, see Perchloroethylene Tetrachloromethane, see Carbon tetrachloride Tetrahydrofuran 9.2 9.75 0.47 0.2... 

Tetrachloroethane Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride) Tetrachloronaphthalene... 

Dichloromethane, trichloromethane, and tetrachloromethane are widely known by their common names methylene chloride, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride, respectively. 

If the four atoms attached to the central atom in a tetrahedral molecule are the same, as in tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride), CCI4 (30), the dipole moments cancel and the molecule is nonpolar. However, if one or more of the atoms are replaced by different atoms, as in trichloromethane (chloroform), Cl ICI, or by lone pairs, as in NH3, then the dipole moments associated with the bonds are not all the same, so they do not cancel. Thus, the CHCI, molecule is polar (31). 

All Group 14/IV elements form liquid molecular tetrachlorides. The least stable is PbCl4, which decomposes to solid PbCl2 when it is warmed to about 50°C. Carbon tetrachloride, CC14 (tetrachloromethane), was widely used as an industrial solvent however, now that it is known to be carcinogenic, it is used primarily as the starting point for the manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons. Carbon tetrachloride is formed by the action of chlorine on methane ... 

FIGURE 15-21 Solutions of iodine in a variety of solvents. From left to right, the first three solvents are tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride), water, and potassium iodide solution, in which the brown I. ion forms. In the solution on the far right, some starch has treen added to a solution of I,. The intense blue color that results has led to the use ot starch as an indicator for the presence of iodine. 

Dichloromethane (CH2C12, methylene chloride), trichloromethane (CHCI3, chloroform), and tetrachloromethane (CCI4, carbon tetrachloride) are often used as solvents for nonpolar and moderately polar compounds. 

Synonyms AI3-04705 Benzinoform Carbona Carbon chloride Carbon tet Caswell No. 164 CCRIS 123 EINECS 200-262-8 ENT 4705 ENT 27164 EPA pesticide chemical code 016501 Fasciolin Flukoids Freon 10 Halon 1040 Methane tetrachloride Necatorina Necatorine NSC 87063 Perchloromethane R 10 RCRA waste number U211 Tetrachloormetaan Tetrachloro-carbon Tetrachloromethane Tetrafinol Tetraform Tetrasol UN 1846 Univerm Vermo-estricid. 

Tetrachloroethylene, see Tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloromethane, see Carbon tetrachloride Tetradioxin, see TCDD... 

Halomethanes, including methylene chloride, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride (di-, tri-, and tetrachloromethane, respectively), are used mainly as raw materials and solvents in approximately 28 pesticide processes. Bromomethanes can be expected in at least five pesticides as raw materials, byproducts, or impurities and in the case of methyl bromide, can function as a fumigant. 

Chem. Abstr. Serv. Reg. No. 56-23-5 Chem. Abstr. Name Tetrachloromethane lUPAC Systematic Name. Carbon tetrachloride Synonyms. Benzinoform carbona... 

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