Tetrachloroaluminate

From empirical observation, ILs tend to be immiscible with non-polar solvents. They can therefore be washed or brought into contact with diethyl ether or hexane to extract non-polar reaction products. Among solvents of greater polarity, esters (ethyl acetate, for example) exhibit variable solubility with ILs, depending on the nature of the IL. Polar or dipolar solvents (including chloroform, acetonitrile, and methanol) appear to be totally miscible with all ILs (excepting tetrachloroaluminate IL and the like, which react). Among notable exceptions, [EMIMJCl and [BMIMJCl are insoluble in dry acetone. 

Chloroaluminate(III) salts are described in more detail in Chapter 2. The composition of a tetrachloroaluminate(III) ionic liquid is best described in this chapter by the apparent mole fraction of AICI3 X(A1C13) present. Ionic liquids with X(AlCl3) <0.5 contain an excess of CF ions over [AFCly] ions, and are... 

Morozov and Morozov [32] have also investigated the temperature dependence of the pressure and composition of the vapors and confirmed that the vapors contain aluminum chloride as well as sodium tetra-chloroaluminate. This could be shown experimentally by condensing the vapors which occurred in two zones. In a temperature range from 600 to 800 °C the pressures of A1C13 and NaAlCl4 over sodium tetrachloroaluminate are quite similar they rise from about 10 mm Hg at... 

C to about 130 mmHg at 800 °C. Over mixtures which are NaCl-rich (i.e., AlCl, 25mol%, NaCl 75 mol%) the partial pressure of A1C13 becomes significantly less than for the pure tetrachloroaluminate. The vapor pressure of A1C13 amounts at 790 °C to 14.9 mm Hg and that of NaAlCI4 to 56.6 mm Hg. 

It is assumed that NaAlCl4 is dissociated into sodium and tetrachloroaluminate ions. Torsi and Mamantov [35] have investigated a further dissociation of the tetrachloroaluminate ion in molten sodium chloroaluminates by potentiometric studies. For the 50 50 mol% composition of NaCl-AlCl3 the principal anion is A1C14. In acidic melts it was assumed that the reaction A1C13 + A1C14 <-> A12C17 is quantitative. More important is the con-... 

Organic reactions in molten tetrachloroaluminate solvents. H. L. Jones and R. A. Osteryoung, Adv. Molten Salt Chem., 1975, 3,121-176 (135). 

Aluminium borohydride Aluminium chloride Aluminium chlorate Ammonium tetrachloroaluminate Aluminium fluoride Aluminium trihydroxide Aluminium ammonium sulphate Aluminium potassium sulphate Aluminium nitride Aluminium nitrate Sodium aluminate Aluminium sodium aluminate Aluminium phosphate Aluminium phosphide Aluminium borate Aluminium oxychloride Aluminium fluorosilicate Aluminium magnesium silicate Aluminium sulphate... 

Lithium, Lithium tetrachloroaluminate, Sulfinyl chloride See Lithium Carbon, etc. 

When isolated and dried, a violent explosion occurred. The tetrachloroaluminate salt is safer. 

Carbon, Lithium tetrachloroaluminate, Sulfinyl chloride Kilroy, W. P. et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1981, 128, 934-935 In electric battery systems, lithium is inert to the electrolyte components in absence of carbon, but in presence of over 10% of carbon (pre-mixed by grinding with the metal), contact with the electrolyte mixture leads to ignition or explosion. 

RTILs consist of large, unsymmetrical ions, such as 1,3-dialkyl-imidazolium, 1-alkylpyridinium, 1-alkylpyrazolium, tetralkylammonium or tetralkyl-phosphonium cations and tetrachloroaluminate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, trifluoromethanesulfonate or bis((trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl)imide anions. 

STM has been used to examine the surface processes accompanying the near reversible wave (Ic, la) shown in Figure 16 [104]. High resolution imaging at 0.455 V revealed an ordered adlayer on the Cu(l 11) surface as shown in Figure 17. A possible model representing this structure corresponds to a layer of tetrachloroaluminate ions... 

Fig. 17. A 30 x 30 nm image of an ordered adlayer on Cu(lll) at 0.455 V vs. A1 in 55.0 m/o AICI3-EtMelmCl. A schematic of the proposed tetrachloroaluminate adlayer structure is shown. Reproduced from Stafford et al. [104] by permission of The Electrochemical Society.

Treatment of lead(n) chloride with aluminum trichloride and o-xylene furnishes bis(o-xylene)lead(ll) bis(tetrachloro-aluminate) 41. According to the results of an X-ray structure determination, 41 consists of a monomeric complex with two arene ligands in a distorted 77-mode of coordination and two bidentate AICI4- ions at the central Pbz+ ion. The interaction of the lead center with the tetrachloroaluminate ligands is presumably highly ionic, suggesting that 41 is a triad of arene-stabilized ions, rather than a molecule.7... 

To date the structure and reactivity of numerous complexes derived from aromatic compounds and nitrosonium cation have been studied (5, 56-63). However, relatively few studies are available on the nitrosonium complexes of cyclophanes (5, 57, 59, 61, 62), cf ref. (63). The interaction of [2.2]paracyclophane with nitrosonium tetrachloroaluminate was studied by H and 13C NMR spectroscopy using deuterium isotope perturbation technique (64). It was found that the resulting nitrosonium complexes containing one (25) or two NO groups (26) are involved in fast interconversion (on the NMR time scale) (Scheme 17). 

Route B has the added advantage over route A of making it possible to perform a stepwise reaction of trichlorophenylmethyl-tetrachloroaluminate 122 (i.e., the complex compound formed fromtri-(chlorophenyl)methylchloride and A1C13) with various amines. It is thus possible to systematically synthesize triphenyl-methane pigments with two or three differently substituted arylamino groups. 

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