Hormone testicular

Bosl GJ, Bajorunas D. Pituitary and testicular hormonal function after treatment for germ cell tumours. Int J Androl 1987 10(l) 381-4. 

But how do these ovarian and testicular hormones exert their effects All cells that interact with these steroid hormones have receptors for them within the cytoplasm. The presence of oestrogen receptors was first demonstrated by Jensen and Jacobsen in 1962. The hormones pass through the cell membrane and then encounter receptors that are specific for each of the classes of hormones the oestrogens, androgens, progesterone and glucocorticoids... 

Testosterone, the testicular hormone, is identified as a male hormone. Estradiol (17/3), which differs from testosterone only by loss of a methyl group and aromatization of ring A, is the ovarian hormone. Progesterone is the progestational hormone and is essential for fertilization and maintenance of pregnancy. Once again medicinal chemists, by further alteration of structures, have made more potent oral and more useful progestins. 

The first testicular hormone isolated was androsterone, a metabolite of testosterone. This also was achieved by Butenandt starting with an extract from 15,000 liters of urine supplied by Schering from which he obtained only 15 mg of pure crystals. Four years later, Laquer isolated 10 mg of the primary male sex hormone, testosterone, from 100 kg of steer testis. In all cases on this table the key to isolation was the quantitative bioassay as listed. 

Both ovarian and testicular hormone secretion decline with age. The menopause in women mtiy cause distressing symp-... 

Taylor, G.T., J. Haller, R. Rupich, and J. Weiss Testicular Hormones and Inter-Male Aggressive Behaviour in the Presence of a Female Rat. J. Endocr. 100, 315-321 (1984). 

The fetal testis induces a male type of phenotypic sex development by virtue of producing two sorts of hormones. The first of these is the androgen testosterone, which triggers the formation of male structures from the Wolffian duct, the urogenital sinus, and the external genital primordia, via mechanisms considered below. The second type of fetal testicular hormone is a macromolecule, apparently a glycoprotein, that evokes involution of the Mullerian duct during normal male sex differentiation. 

Testicular hormone isolation Cholesterol structure Vitamin B2 isolation Vitamin C synthesis... 

The first step in the catabolism of testosterone according to Fig. 10 should be the oxidation of the 17/8-hydroxyl group to the ketone to form A -androstene-3,17-dione. Although this substance has been found in the urine of a man with adrenal hyperplasia, normally the turnover of this compound must be very rapid, since it is not present in normal urine and is not found even after the administration of large amounts of testosterone. However, the administration of isotopic, as well as nonisotopic, A -androstene-3,17-dione gave rise to the same metabolites (androsterone, XLVIII, and etiocholanolone, XLIX) as testosterone therefore, A -androstene-3,17-dione could be an intermediate in the biochemical transformation of the testicular hormone. 

It should be mentioned that sex differences in gonadotrophin activity (continuous in males and cyclical in females) are not associated with the hypophysis (which has an equal potential in both sexes), but are associated with the hypothalamus. It was found that the male pattern of gonadotrophin secretion is formed several days after delivery as a result of an effect of testicular hormones on nerve structures in the brain above the hypothalamus (Yazaki, 1960). Castration or neutralization of the sex hormones by reserpine injection (which eliminates testicular hormones from newborn males) affects hypothalamus action (Levina, 1974). 

Testosterone, CigHjgOj, the testicular hormone, is an unsaturated hydroxy-ketone derived from a parent steroid androstane, and appears in the urine as the two derivatives, androsterone and dehydroandrosterom, both of which are much less potent. 

Male Sex Hormones (androgenic hormones). The true testicular hormone is testosterone (A -androstene-17/3-ol-3-one), formed by the interstitial cells of the testicular tissue from 17-hydroxyprogesterone (cf. Chapt. XIV-6). 

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