Tested protocols 90% prediction range

Ratio between PROP and COMP Ideally, the ratio between the lead values obtained by the tested protocol (PROT) and the composite proportional sample (COMP) should be unity, or at least constant over a wide concentration range. To determine the variation in the ratio between PROT and COMP, the average ratio is calculated over both the combined test areas (total, all results) and the individual test areas (A-K). The 95 % prediction range of the average ratio is ... 

The 95-% prediction range of the average ratio between the tested protocols and COMP was calculated for all test areas in the ranges 0-200 pg/1, 0-50 rg/l (the former parametric value), 0-25 iig/1 (the interim PV) and 0-10 pg/1. The prediction ranges were calculated on the basis of individual samples (i.e. not averaging the three results from eaeh property). 

The 90-% prediction range of the tested protocols The predietion range of a protocol reflects the accuracy of that protocol in predicting the value of the composite proportional sample. Therefore, the 90-% prediction range is applied to assess the representativeness of the tested protocols. 

The trueness and precision for the prediction of COMP by the tested protocol can be expressed by the 90-% prediction range. In this w the average ratio between the tested protocol and COMP is taken into account, along with the variability or reproducibility of the protocol. The reproducibility is expressed as the relative range. 

Figures 3.19 to 3.21 show the 90 % prediction range of the tested protocols around 10 ag/l, 25 pg/1 and 50 pg/1, respectively. These figures include data fi om all test areas. As shown in Figure 3.19, the 90 % prediction ranges vaiy between protocols. For example if RDT is 10 pg/1, the range of predicted COMP will be 9 8 pg/1, with a 90 % probability. The FF and 30MS samples show eomparable prediction ranges. The 30MSA sample shows the best prediction range 10 4 pg/1.

As Figure 3.21 indicates, all tested protocols showed wide prediction ranges around 50 ug/l. For example if FF was 50 pg/1, the 90 % prediction range of COMP was 73 74 ag/l. Again 30MSA gave the most narrow prediction interval 52 27 g/l. 

Kinetic data were collected according both to steady-state and transient test protocols. A wide range of operating conditions were covered in terms of temperature (150-550 °C T-window) and feed compositions (NOX/NH3 = 0—1 with NO2/NOX between 0 and 1). As an example. Fig. 18.8a, b compare experimental results (thin lines) and predictive model simulations (thick lines) for NH3 conversion and product concentrations obtained during a NH3 oxidation run (Fig. 18.8a) and an NH3 oxidation test run in the presence of NO (Fig. 18.8b). Focusing on the ammonia oxidation experimental data (Fig. 18.8a, thin lines), it can be noticed that, in line with what we saw over the powdered catalyst (Fig. 18.8a), NH3 conversion started above 160-175 °C and rapidly increased up to 80 % already at 200 °C, before approaching 100 % at 350 °C. NH3 conversion is associated with production of N2 (not detected by the analyzers), N2O and NOx,... 

Environmental monitoring based on whole-organism bioassays and biological early warning systems (BEWS) is lately considered to replace standard expensive chemical analysis. The tests must accomplish some basic conditions like to be simple, based on standardized protocols, predictive, low cost, and applicable to species, populations, and communities. They also need to be sensitive to a wide range of chemicals with minimal matrix effects. ... 

The EpiOcular EIT underwent prevalidation and validation studies. The method is based on the use of a single exposure time and has separate protocols for liquid and solid test substances. A test substance is classified as an irritant (GHS Cat. 1 or 2), if the tissue viability is <60 %, and non-irritant (non-classified) if the viability is >60 %. The prediction model was developed based on a training set of 60 substances (of a range of chemical classes) further challenged with the testing of 52 additional substances, which showed high sensitivity, and good specificity and concordance [37]. Based on these positive results, a prevalidation study was... 

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