Terpene classification

Isoprene has the chemical formula of C5H8, therefore, each isoprene unit correlates to five carbons present in the skeleton. Terpene classification includes hemiter-penes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sesterterpenes, and triterpenes, each consisting of one through six isoprene units, respectively [16]. Additional terpene classifications include tetraterpenes, containing eight isoprene units, and polyterpenes, which include isoprene chains. The classification system is further divided into subclasses [15]. 

Staroscik and Wilson ] ) have analyzed various lemon oils and identified 38 compounds. These compounds can be subdivided into three major classifications terpenes (C10 hydrocarbons), oxy fraction (oxygenated C8-C12 hydrocarbons), and sesquiterpenes (Cls hydrocarbons). Lemon oil is usually concentrated to remove the terpenes and sesquiterpenes from the desired Ce-Cl2 oxy fraction (8). 

B Classification of Terpenes Terpenes are classified according to the number of carbon atoms, in units of ten. A ter-... 

The ketone functional group appears in a wide variety of natural products ranging from the simple terpenes to complex macrocycles and polyfunctional molecules. This section will focus on simple, naturally-occurring ketones, largely from the terpene family, which illustrate relationships between structure and 1 0 NMR chemical shifts. Other more complex ketone containing structures will be examined later according to their natural product family classification, e.g. chromones, flavones, etc. 

This concept allows the classification of molecules such as carotenoids, lipophilic vitamins, steroids, terpenes etc, as lipoids . Most researchers consider those molecules as separate groups and confine the term lipid to fatty acids, their derivatives and to substances that are closely related to their synthesis and function [1,2],... 

Chenopodium abrosioides is endemic to South America, but it has been introduced to Central and North America, to Europe and to Africa. Chenopodium anthelminticum is a variety thereof, and there are a number of further varieties, differing in their contents of terpenes. The botanical classification has still to be revised. Toxic parts include the fresh blooming... 

The generic name terpene was originally applied to the hydrocarbons found in turpentine, the suffix ene indicating the presence of olefinic bonds. Each of these materials contain two isoprene units, hence ten carbon atoms. Related materials containing 20 carbon atoms are named as diterpenes. The relationship to isoprene was discovered later, by which time the terms monoterpene and diterpene were well established. Hence the most basic members of the family, i.e. those containing only one isoprene unit, came to be known as hemiterpenoids. Table 1.1 shows various sub-divisions of the terpenoid family based on this classification. It also shows two specific sub-groups of terpenoid materials, namely, the carotenoids and the steroids. Steroids and carotenoids are sub-groups of the triterpenoids and tetraterpenoids, respectively, as will be explained later. 

Benzenedicarboyxylic acid Termination step, 154—156 Terpenes, 1025—1034, 1044 biosynthesis of, 1028—1034 classification, 1026 and isoprene rule, 1028 c<-Terpineol, 1031 Tertiary carbon, 65 Tertiary structure, 1086—1089 Tesla, Nikola, 491 Tesla... 

Arts. Vitamin A does not fit into any of the other classes and one might classify it as a terpene simply by default. However, the key to its classification as a terpene is that we can examine its structure and note that it is made of isoprene units linked to each other. The dotted lines in the structure below show where isoprene units have been linked together. 

Lipids are defined as water-insoluble compounds extracted from living organisms by weakly polar or nonpolar solvents. The definition is based on a physical property in contrast to the definitions of the other basic building blocks in this chapter (proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids), which are based on chemical stracture. Consequently the term lipid covers a stmcturally diverse group of compounds including/afiy acids, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, terpenes, steroids, and carotenoids. There is no universally accepted scheme for their classification. 

There is no uniform classification for the A. In the literature divisions according to origin (examples Aconitum, Amaryllidaceae, Aspidosperma, cactus, Catharanthus, Cephalotaxus, Cinchona, coca, Corydalis, curare, Dendrobates, ergot, Erythrina, Iboga, Lycopodium, Maytenus, opium, Rauvol-fia, Senecio, Strychnos, tobacco, Vinca alkaloids, salamander, Solanum, Veratrum steroid alkaloids) in addition to divisions according to chemical structure (examples aporphine, benzylisoquinoline, bis-benzylisoquinoline, berberine, carboline, diterpene, inudazole, indole, indolizidine, isoquinoline, lupinane, macrocyclic, morphine, peptide, / -phenyl-ethylamine, piperidine, purine, pyridine, pyrrolidine, pyrrolizidine, quinoline, quinolizidine, quinucli-dine, spermine, spermidine, steroid, terpene, tro-pane, tropolone alkaloids) are used. 

Synonyms Polyterpene resin Terpene polymer resin Classification Unsat. hydrocarbon thermoplastic resin Definition Thermoplastic resin obtained by polymerization of turpentine in presence of cataysts Properties Sol. in mostorg. soivs. 

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