Terephthaloyl chloride, polycondensation

A polyether-amide with a heat distortion temperature of 198°C has been prepared by Hitachi by interfacial polycondensation of 2,2-bis-[4-(4-aminophen-oxy)phenyl]propane (VIII) with a mixture of isophthaloyl- and terephthaloyl-chloride (IX and X) (Figure 18.29). 

The AICI3-catalyzed polycondensation of diphenyl ether with a mixture of terephthaloyl chloride and isophthaloyl chloride is a relatively inexpensive route to poly(ether ketone)s. The polymerizations were carried out in chlorinated solvents... 

Terephthaloyl chlorides (TCL), 29 715 polycondensation, 7 635 polymers derived from, 23 730 TERFENOL-D (terbium dysprosium iron alloy), 22 714 TERGITOL, 2 43... 

The polyamide-hydrazide 7 was prepared by solution polymerization in anhydrous dimethylacetamide from terephthaloyl chloride and p-amino-benzhydrazide at ca. 10 °C. The polyamide 8 resulted from the polycondensation of m-phenylenediamine with isophthaloyl chloride at —20 °C, whereas 9 was prepared by the reaction of terephthaloyl chloride with the complex diamine l,3-bis(3-aminobenzamide)benzene at —20 °C. The water flux and salt rejection through these membranes were summarized in Table 5. The polyamide-hydrazide (7) membranes were prepared from polymer solutions containing 6 7% polymer (Mv 3 34,000) by casting on glass plates. The material was placed in an oven for 30 60 min and coagulated in deionized... 

Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) PPD-T, also called para-aramid, can be polymerized to a fiber-forming molecular weight by polycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride and 1,4-phenylene diamine. 

Already in 1965, the formation of lyotropic liquid crystalline solutions of poly-(p-aminobenzoic acid) in concentrated sulfuric acid was observed. This work was the basis for the commercialization of high strength, high modulus, and heat-resistant poly-(p-phenylene terephthalate) (PPDT) fibers under the trade name Kevlar (Dupont) and Twaron (Akzo) (Fig. 15) [31]. PPDT is typically prepared by the polycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride and 1,4-pheny-lenediamine in tertiary amidic solvents such as A-methylpyrrolidinone or dimethylacet-... 

Later, Braun et al. reported the synthesis of a broad range of polyesters from isosor-bide/isomannide and acid dichlorides via melt condensation [12], The acid chlorides used include linear C4-C16 alkanoyl, ortho/iso/terephthaloyl, and 1,8- and 2,6-naphthalenoyl. Relatively high aliphatic polyesters were obtained, with up to 60 000 (GPC) for poly(isosorbide sebacate). Contrary to the aliphatic polyesters, the semi aromatic polyesters are highly viscous at high temperatures, hampering polycondensation. The TgS recorded for polyesters obtained by melt polymerization of isosorbide or isomannide with terephthaloyl chloride were 147 and 156 °C, respectively. 

Lu et al. [2] fabricated TFC NF membranes, in which the skin layer was either polyesters or polyamides. The monomers used in the polycondensation reactions are as follows (1) alcohol (bisphenol-A, BPA), (2) amine (metaphenylene diamine and piperazine), and (3) acid chloride (isophthaloyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride [3,4], and trimesoyl chloride). They reported that the composite layer (active layer) was smoother than that of the substrate membrane. Upon formation of the active layer, the pore size decreased, which resulted in a flux decrease and a retention increase. Although it is unclear, they seem to maintain that their results confirm Hirose et al.s conclusion, i.e., the flux increases with an increase in surface roughness [Ij. 

The statistical copol5miers of polyarylesterketones, involving naphdia-lene cycle in the main ehain, ean be produeed [388] by low-temperature polycondensation of bisphenyloxide, 4,4 - -bis(P-naphtoxy)benzophe-none with chloranhydrides of aromatic bicarbonic acids - terephthaloyl-chloride and isophthaloylchloride (I) in the presence of catalytical system AlCl3/N-methylpirrolydone/ClCH2CH2Cl (copolymers are characterized by improved thermo- and chemical stabiUty), and also by the reaction of hydroquinone with l,4-bis(4,4 -flourobenzoyl)naphthalene (II) in the presence of sodium and potassium carbonates in bisphenylsulfone [389],... 

A copolyester containing PHB and PHO blocks was synthesized through polycondensation of PHB-diol and telechelic hydroxylated PHO (PHO-diol) in the presence of terephthaloyl chloride. The incorporation of the soft PHO block... 

With a few exceptions, interfacial polycondensation has remained a laboratory method for the synthesis of polymers, since diacyl chlorides are too expensive for commercial production. The exceptions include the polycondensation of bisphenols with phosgene (see Section 26.5.1) and the synthesis of aromatic polyamides, from m-phenylene diamine, isophthaloyl chloride, and terephthaloyl chloride (Section 28.2.4). The method is also used to give wool a fluff-free finish by producing a polycondensate from sebacoyl chloride and hexamethylene diamine on the wool fiber. 

Aramid Fibers. Aramid (aromatic polyamide) fibers such as Kevlar (DuPont) and Twaron (Akzo Nobel) are made of poly(paraphenylene terephthala-mide). The polymer can be prepared by solution polycondensation of p-phenylene diamine and terephthaloyl chloride at low temperatures. The fiber is spun by extrusion of a solution of the polymer in a suitable solvent (for example, sulphuric acid), followed by stretching and thermal annealing treatment. Tech-nora (Teijin) fibers are slightly different from Kevlar and Twaron as they consist of a copolymer poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide-co-3,4-oxydiphenylene terephthalamide). Various grades of Kevlar fibers are produced (Kevlar-29, 49, and 149), Kevlar-49 being the one more commonly used in composite structures. 

A thermally stable system containing phenylene oxide units in the main chain, prepared by polycondensation of 2,2 -bis[4-(p-aminophenoxy)] phenyl propane and terephthaloyl chloride, has also been studied, and systems containing sulphone-ether units have also been investigated. ... 

Polymers containing metal-carbon a and n bonds were reported by Mapolie and coworkers. Homo- and copolymerization reactions of oiganoiron monomers containing olefins with AIBN yielded the corresponding oiganometalhc polymers (43). Bifunctional hydroxyl monomers functionalized with iron complexes were subjected to polycondensation with terephthaloyl chloride to produce low molecular weight polyesters (44). ... 

Figure 9.13 Polycondensation reaction of PPTA from p-phenylenediamine and terephthaloyl chloride.

The first example of PPEs used in tissue engineering was an elastic PPE copolymer.The copolymer P(BHET-EOP/TC) (24) was obtained by polycondensation of bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate and ethyl ortho-phosphodichloridate (EOP), followed by chain extension with terephthaloyl chloride in a second polycondensation step. 

Following the same idea, Schultz and Jung [57] described an OA polyamide prepared by polycondensation of (+)-2,2 -diamino-l,l -binapthyl with terephthaloyl chloride (XXVIb) and also another polymer (XXVIc) very similar to that prepared by the Over-berger group. 

Poly(l,4-benzamide) (I, PBA) is most commonly prepared by low-temperature solution polycondensation of 4-aminobenzoyl chloride hydrochloride. Poly(l,4-phenylene terephthalamide) (II, PPTA), which is the aramid that has become of prime commercial importance, t5 ically is s)mthesized by solution polycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride and 1,4-phenylene diamine (1-3 see also references 4 and 5 for excellent reviews of the polymerization and processing of aramids). 

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