Terbium isotope

Terbium is reasonably stable in air. It is a silver-gray metal, and is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Two crystal modifications exist, with a transformation temperature of 1289oC. Twenty one isotopes with atomic masses ranging from 145 to 165 are recognized. The oxide is a chocolate or dark maroon color. 

Tin hold the record with 10 stable isotopes. There are 19 so-called "pure elements" of which there is only one isotope. These anisotopic elements are beryllium, fluorine, sodium, aluminum, phosphorus, scandium, manganese, cobalt, arsenic, yttrium, niobium, rhodium, iodine, cesium, praseodymium, terbium, holmium, thulium, gold, and bismuth. 

On the other hand, lanthanides with 100% isotopical purity such as terbium or holmium are preferred to simplify the operation and minimize decoherence in spin qubits. In this respect, the existence, for some lanthanides, of a manifold of electronuclear states can provide additional resources for the implementation of multiple qubit states within the same molecule [31]. All atoms in the first coordination sphere should be oxygen, and the sample should be deuter-ated if the compound contains hydrogen, to avoid interaction with other nuclei spins. Again, POM chemistry has been shown to provide ideal examples of this kind. 

The same problems of separating radioactive materials occur of course with the fission products of uranium where the task is often to separate a much larger number of different carrier-free radio-elements than occurs in normal targets. The mixture is complex and consists of elements from zinc to terbium and several hundred radioactive isotopes of varying half-life. 

ISOTOPES There are a total of 52 isotopes of terbium, and only one of these is stable (Tb-159). Terbium-59 makes up 100% of the element found in the Earth s crust... 

Terbium is not found in great quantities on Earth. In fact, minerals where terbium is found contain about 0.03% terbium. Not much of the stable isotope is found as a free metal rather most of it is mixed with other rare-earths or are in compound forms. 

Berkelium is a metallic element located in group 11 (IB) of the transuranic subseries of the actinide series. Berkelium is located just below the rare-earth metal terbium in the lanthanide series of the periodic table. Therefore, it has many chemical and physical properties similar to terbium ( Tb). Its isotopes are very reactive and are not found in nature. Only small amounts have been artificially produced in particle accelerators and by alpha and beta decay. 

Only one isotope of terbium occurs in nature terbium-159. Isotopes are two or more forms of an element. Isotopes differ from each other according to their mass number. The number written to the right of the element s name is the mass number. The mass number represents the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of the element. The number of protons determines the element, but the number of neutrons in the atom of any one element can vary. Each variation is an isotope. 

Forty-two radioactive isotopes of terbium are known also. A radioactive isotope is one that breaks apart and gives off some form of radiation. Radioactive isotopes are produced when very small particles are fired at atoms. These particles stick in the atoms and make them radioactive. 

One radioactive isotope, terbium-149, is used in medicine. The isotope is injected direcdy into cancer cells in a patient s body. The radiation given off kills the cancer cells. Terbium-149 is used because its radiation... 

Terbium Tb at. wt 158,9254 at- no, 65 valences 3 4. A lanthanide belongs to the yttrium group of rare earths. One naturally occurring isotope , wTb artificial... 

To improve the energy excitation transfer from rare earth to Si nanocrystallites, we have studied the effect of co-doping of the PS layer with Eu and Tb in equal proportion. Fig. 4 displays the RBS spectra of PS samples after europium and terbium deposition and subsequent annealing. Due to the close atomic numbers of terbium and europium and to the overlapping of their respective isotopic... 

Naturally occurring terbium has one stable isotope Tb with an atomic mass of 158.925343 (u). For terbium, 36 radioisotopes have been characterized. The most stable are Tb with a half-life of 180 years, Tb with a half-life of 71 years, and °Tb with a half-life of 72.3 days. All the others have half-lives shorter than 7 days. 

The macro separation of stable isotopes on ion exchange columns. J. Chim. Phys. (France) 60, 89. with D.E. Hegland and S. Legvold, Magnetization and electrical resistivity of terbium single crystals. Phys. Rev, 131, 158-162,... 

Rare-earth impurities in high-purity Ce02 were determined by ICP/MS after separation by liquid-liquid extraction, avoiding interferences of CeH" with the detection of Pr and CeO and CeOH with Gd and Tb isotopes (B. Li et al. 1997). The Ce was oxidized to Ce with KMn04 at pH 4 and all of the rare-earth elements were extracted into 0.05 M ethylhexyl(ethylhexyl)phosphonic acid/cyclohexane. The trivalent rare earths were stripped with 1.5 M HNO3, while 99.81 0.01% of the Ce ", which is more strongly extracted, remained in the organic phase. The separation was sufficient to allow detection of each rare-earth impurity at 20-90 ppb, despite some interference of CeOH+ in the determination of the only stable isotope of terbium, Tb. 

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