Tensile with wood pulp

Table IV. Tensile Strength of Torn Degraded Fabrics (100 Mrad) Repaired with Wood Pulp°...

To determine the quantitative effects of this consolidation procedure, fabric disks cut from the extracted degraded fabric were used as substrates. These fabrics were torn on an Instron tensile testing machine as described earlier and patched with six applications of either the 0.1% dyed wood pulp or the 0.05% dyed Cellunier P slurry. The samples were then torn again on the Instron tester. The average breaking strengths and add-ons of the samples after six passes with slurry are reported in Table IV. A typical tom fabric and a patched fabric are shown in Figures 6 and 7. 

Figure 15.8 Tensile strength and equilibrium water uptake of TPS reinforced with Eucalyptus wood pulps (a-c) Kraft pulp (b-d) thermomechanical pulp. Reproduced with permission from Reference [147].

In another study, Iguchi et at described that the addition of disintegrated bacterial cellulose to wood pulp fibers allowed the creation of a paper sheet with increased tensile strength and folding endurance [19],... 

NaOCl. With increasing of NaOCl concentration from 1 to 10 vol% tensile strength and elongation values increased from 40 to 56 N/mm and from 10.3 to 24.6%. Kennedy et al. reported that the treatment used to removed lignin in wood pulps created voids and a wide distribution of pores [29]. Such microporous structure eases the penetration by activation liquids and solvent used in DMAc/LiCl system. Therefore, the fibers could interact more with the solvents. This could increase the interactions between cellulose fibers in the case of the bleached fibers. 

FIGURE 15.4 Pretreatment of aspen wood chips with three strains of Ceriporiopsis subver-mispora lowered the energy reqnired to refine to 100 mL CSF and increased the tensile strength of the pulp. (Data redrawn from Akhtar, M., Holrforschung, 48,199-202,1994. With permission.)... 

It is also possible to find PHBV composites with oak wood flour (Srubar et al. 2012) and bamboo pulp fiber (Jiang et al. 2008a, b). The addition of oak wood flour increased PHBV matrix tensile modulus, but reduced the crystallinity degree and induced embrittlement in the composites (Srubar et al. 2012). Bamboo pulp fiber, added to PHBV matrix resulted in increased crystallization ability and mechanical properties of the polymer matrix (Jiang et al. 2008a, b). 

A low cost 12/ton) pulp mill wood residue with L/D ratios of 3 to 19 was tested as a filler in polyethylene and polystrene. The tensile strength and modulus of composites containing the fiberous residue were improved compared to composites containing wood flour. However, the over-all performance of both fillers was relatively poor, probably because of poor compatibility of the non-polar resins and polar fillers. 

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