Temperature device

Monitor temperature of material being dried by infrared, resistance temperature device, (RTD) etc. 

This is a later introduction in the sensing of temperature compared to the more conventional types of temperature devices available in an embedded temperature detector (ETD), such as a thermocouple or a resistance temperature detector (RTD) described below. Thermistors can be one of the following types ... 

High-temperature devices are defined as those devices that operate at a temperature exceeding 80 percent of the ignition temperature (expressed in Celsius) of the gas or vapor involved. The ignition temperature of natural gas usually is considered to be 900°F (482°C). Therefore, a device is... 

Electrical equipment can be mounted in various types of enclosures. A weather-tight enclosure normally has a gasket and does not allow air (and the moisture contained in the air) to enter the enclosure. Offshore, such an enclosure, if properly closed, will help protect the enclosed electrical equipment from, corrosion due to salt water spray. These types of enclosures can be used in Division 2 areas provided they do not enclose arcing, sparking or high temperature devices. 

The surface temperature of explosion-proof enclosures cannot exceed that of high-temperature devices, Equipment can be tested by nationally recognized testing laboratories and given one of 14 T ratings, as indicated in Table 17-2. This equipment may exceed the 80 percent rule."... 

Arcing contacts in Division 2 areas must be installed in explosion-proof enclosures, be immersed in oil, be hermetically sealed, or be non-incendive. High-temperature devices must be installed in explosion-proof enclosures. Fuses must be enclosed in explosion-proof enclosures unless the fuses are preceded by an explosion-proof, hermetically sealed, or oil-immersed switch and the fuses are used for overcurrent protection of instrument circuits not subject to overloading in normal use. 

Standard Open or Totally-Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) generators and motors are acceptable in Division 2 areas if they do not contain brushes or other arcing contacts or high-temperature devices. Three-phase TEFC motors are acceptable in Division 2 locations, but singlephase motors usually contain arcing devices and are not acceptable... 

Seals are required at entries by conduit or cable to explosion-proof enclosures containing arcing or high-temperature devices in Division 1 and Division 2 locations. It is not required to seal IM in. or smaller conduits into explosion-proof enclosures in Division 1 areas housing switches, circuit breakers, fuses, relays, etc., if their current-interrupting contacts are hermetically sealed or under oil (having a 2-in. minimum immersion for power contacts and 1-in. for control contacts). 

Except for conduit or cable entries into explosion-proof enclosures containing arcing or high-temperature devices (as described in Item I above), cables that will leak gas through the core at a rate of less than 0.007 ft /hr at 6 in. of water pressure need not be sealed if they are provided with a continuous gas/vapor-tight sheath. Cables with such a sheath that will transmit gas at or above this rate must be sealed if connected to process equipment that may cause a pressure of 6 in. of water at the cable end. 

Space heaters, particularly in electrical motors and generators which may be idle for significant periods of time, can also help prevent the accumulation of moisture. Space heaters installed in classified areas must operate at temperatures below high temperature devices. 

It is important that constant temperature be maintained throughout the nOe difference experiment. If the instrument is fitted with a constant-temperature device, then it is advisable to adjust it to a few degrees above room temperature so that it maintains a constant temperature accurately. 

Optionally, turn on the regulated temperature device and select a temperature (kelvin). 

LTD-2 Low Temperature Detectors for Neutrinos and Dark Matter II Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on Low Temperature Devices for the Detection of Low Energy Neutrinos and Dark Matter, Annecy-le-Vieux, France, May 2-6, 1988, ed. by L. Gonzales-Mestres and D. Perret-Gallix, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, Editions Frontieres (1988)... 

Recently much attention has been directed at the development of devices to control mosquitoes by using products in ambient temperature devices because of their increased safety and ease of use, especially during outdoor activities. This development has resulted in a variety of fan powered mosquito vaporizers and associated formulations which are now being marketed. These devices have limitations in performance that are imposed by the insecticidal activity of the active ingredient used. In order to overcome some of these limitations, we undertook extensive research to find new pyrethroids with higher vapor action which were highly active against mosquitoes. 

Most enclosures are provided with a high interior air cooling flow that is also helpful to disperse any gas release. Combustible gas detection is provided in the interior of the enclosure and at the air exhaust vent. Fixed temperature devices are also installed. 

For routine work at around 0°C on any form of data collection device, a simple low-temperature attachment may be constructed from a copper coil, a refrigerated ethanol bath, a headess air drier, a compressor, and a flexible hose (Marsh and Petsko, 1973). Such an apparatus costs less than 2000 to build and has essentially no operating costs. It fulfllls the most important criterion for a successful low-temperature device that it be so easy to operate as to encourage its use. Its disadvantage is that very low temperatures are not attainable without more sophisticated—and expensive—hardware. 

Stability of protein crystals is often enhanced by maintenance of a constant temperature, regardless of its magnitude. Employment of a low-temperature device eliminates fluctuations in temperature at the crystal due to changes in the room environment. 

These are fixed temperature devices that operate when the fusible link or ele-... 

In order to determine the firing time of an expl, propint or pyro vs temp of heating, a few grains of sample are placed on die surface of preheated, and maintained at desired constant temperature, devices used for determination of melting point. One of such devices is Fisher-Johns Apparatus [described in Fisher Scientific Co, Pittsburgh ... 

Despite all these disadvantages, the ease of production of 71-Si and the facts that the room temperature PL is very efficient (1-10% external quantum efficiency)26 46 and that it is tunable through blue to near infrared wavelengths have led to impressive efforts to produce practical room-temperature devices. The latest red... 

Gold has been mined and refined for many thousands of years, certainly before electric furnaces and other high-temperature devices were possible. The melting point of gold is 1064°C express this temperature in terms of the Kelvin and Fahrenheit scales. 

Many MCS patients fall ill when there is too much ozone in the air, such as on smoggy days or in case of high summer temperatures. Devices that produce ozone, such as ionizers and printers, can be harmful to an MCS patient. See Part VI for several Internet links on air pollution. 

Single-crystal x-ray or neutron diffractometers equipped with a low-temperature device were sparse in the 1970s. At present, several tens exist in the world, but very few are capable of handling temperatures below 10 K. As stated in Section III, until now crystal structure studies have been performed only by means of the angle-dispersive method. We discuss below the three main kinds of cryostats that can be used on the instrument geometries described in Section III.B. More details can be found, for example, in Ref. 79, which compares LT setups suitable for accurate electron density map studies. 

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