Temperature and film thickness

Cheng, H. S., and Sternlicht, B., "A Numerical Solution for the Pressure, Temperature and Film Thickness between Two Infinitely Long, Lubricated Rolling and Sliding Cylinders, under Heavy Loads," ASME Trans. J. of Basic Engineering, Vol. 87,1965, pp. 695-707. 

PTFE films were irradiated with cobalt-60 y-rays in vacuum-sealed ampoules containing aqueous monomer solutions. The following reaction parameters were investigated radiation dose and dose rate, reaction temperature, and film thickness. Selective inhibitors were used to minimize the homopolymerization of the monomer in the solution around the film. 

The model presented in the first section indicates that growth rates of speleothem calcite should be directly related to temperature. Nevertheless, our results show that growth rates during interglacials can be obtained by linear interpolation between dated sections, indicating little or no net influence of temperature on OCNM speleothem growth rates, but rather a probable interplay between the effects of temperature and film thickness. The precipitation is however influenced by climate on a broader scale. Results for terminations I and II clearly indicate that precipitation is initiated at the very end of a... 

The preparation of model catalyst films suitable for investigation by microscopic techniques has been described by Wanke and Bolivar. The most common technique of preparing alumina or silica substrates is oxidation of aluminum or silicon foils. Supp( t films are typically mounted for examination after which a metal film is prepared on the support by vacuum deposition or sputtering to thicknesses ranging from monolayer to 2 nm. Thomal treatment of the sample causes breakup of the metal film into metal crystallites. Table 1 summarizes conditions used by various investigators to convert metal films to crystallites. Apparently, crystallite nucleation is a strong function of metal, atmosphere, temperature, and film thickness and a weak function of support, although these results are only qualitative, since precise conditions for metal film breakup were not available from many of the studies listed. Nevertheless, the more recent studies indicate that breakup of Pt/alumina films to 1.8 nm particles occurs in vacuum at temperatures as low as 473 K. 

Mechanical and Water Vapor Properties of Gelatin-Based Films as Function of Relative Humidity, Temperature, and Film Thickness... 

T. Momose, H. Yoshioka, I. Ishigaki and J. Okamoto, Radiation drafting of a,a,(3-trifluorostyrene onto poly(ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene)film by preirradiation method. I. Effects of preirradiation dose, monomer concentration, reaction temperature, and film thickness, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1989, 37, 2817-2826 II. Properties of cation exchange membrane obtained by sulfonation and hydrolysis of the grafted film, 1989, 38, 2091-2101 III. Properties of anion exchange membrane obtained by chloro-methylation and quatemization of the grafted film, 1990, 39, 1221-1230. 

The frequency shift predicted from the first term of Equation 1 is proportional to the product of the density of the coating and the film thickness. Since density decreases with temperature and film thickness... 

The equilibrium ordering of a hybrid nematic film can exhibit either a distorted (hybridly bent) or undistorted (hybrid biaxial and uniform) director structure. Which of the two possible configurations will actually occur depends on the temperature and film thickness. The existence of either of the two undistorted structures depends on the strength of the surface coupling. 

Near the bulk isotropic-nematic phase transition temperature, Tjv/ — T = 0.1 K, and in a hybrid film of a typical LC material (such as 5CB) the nematic order is distorted if the film is thicker than dt 47 nm, and it is biaxial otherwise. The metastable biaxial structm e ceases to exist if the film thickness is larger than ds 71 nm. As the temperature is decreased both values decrease and so does the difference between them. The same structural transition can be realized if the film thickness is held constant and the temperature is varied. The (dis)continuity of the structrual transition can be changed if the temperature and film thickness are low enough [10,54,55]. The two different regimes of the transition are separated with a tricritical point below which the transition is continuous. Our estimation for its upper limit is Tjvi — Trp = 0.28 K and drp = 34 nm for 5CB [10]. 

The correlation between the midgap interfacial state density Du and the thickness strain in thermally grown Si02 films has been studied [110]. The At decreases with the oxidation temperature and with the oxide film thickness. The frequency of the Si—O stretching vibrations increases with increasing oxidation temperature and film thickness. The peak position v is expressed as a function of the average Si—O—Si bond angle as... 

Fig. 2.16 The hysteresis loops at 2 kHz for different films. Panel (a) corresponds to PSN films with Tm = 363 K, panel (b) to PTC films with = 553 K. The measurement temperatures and film thicknesses are shown in the legends [27]...

Basceri, C., Streiffer, S.K., Kingon, A.I., Waser, R. The dielectric response as a function of temperature and film thickness of fiber-textured (BaSr)Ti03 thin films grown by chemical vapor deposition. J. Appl. Phys. 82(5), 2497-2504 (1997)... 

L and dependence on temperature and film thickness in Fig. 3.24. It follows from Fig. 3.24a, c, that at fixed temperature the average polarization L decreases for the film thinning (compare curves 1-5). Built-in field smears the temperature of phase transition and susceptibility maximum its influence increases with the films thinning (see Fig. 3.24b, d). Moreover, the order parameter behavior for the thinnest possible films resembles that for thin films of ordered ferroelectrics with the thickness less than critical one (compare the curves 5 in Fig. 3.24c, d with Fig. in the paper [54]). Built-in field induces order parameter in the film with maximal disorder, see dotted curves 5 in Fig. 3.24a, b. However hysteresis loops is absent on these curves so that the behavior resembles that of electret state. 

Truong V-T (1992) Thermal degradation of polypyrrole effect of temperature and film thickness. Synth Met 52 33-44 Van Beusichem B, Ruberto MA (2005) Introduction to polymer additives and stabilization. A presentation to product quality research institute http //www.pqri.org/... /posters/Polymer Additives PQRI Poster.pdf Accessed 26 June 2011 Van Krevelen DW, Nijenhuis KT (2009) Properties of polymers. Their correlation with chemical structure their numerical estimation and prediction from additive group contributions, 4th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam Wang Y, Rubner MF (1990) Stability studies of the electrical conductivity of various poly (3-alkylthiophenes). Synth Met 39 153-175... 

The development in the past two decades of numerical methods and computational power has allowed non-lsovlscous solutions to Reynolds equation to be found simultaneously with solutions to the equations for energy, thermal distortion and elastic bending of the pad. In analysing a bearing It is now possible to take account of a full range of parameters listed In Table 1. It Is common for the results of such analysis to be presented graphically In the form of contours of pressure, temperature and film thickness... 

Cheng, H.S. and Stemlicht, "A numerical solution for the pressure, temperature and film thickness between infinitely long. Lubricated rolling and sliding cylinders under heavy loads."... 

Temperature and film thickness measurements were carried out as an introduction to experiments in dynamically loaded concentrated contacts. 

V. T. Truong, Thermal degradation of polypyrrole Effect of temperature and film thickness, Synth. Met. 52 33 (1992). 

It must be stressed again that this Unear current does not correspond to the conventional ohmic current it appears in materials completely devoid of free carriers, and is only due to carriers injected from the metal electrodes at both sides of the insulator. In other words, the linear current has the same origin as the more classical space charge limited current observed at higher voltages. We note once more that the space charge limited linear current differ from the conventional ohmic ciurent through its temperature and film thickness dependence. 

Figure 6.16 Variation of temperature and film thickness for Epoxy Mastic. Reproduced from...

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