Telecommunication industry techniques

Barrier layers for Cu metallization in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, which are increasingly used in the information technique and telecommunications industry, have been investigated by SIMS depth profiling in comparison to AES (Auger Electron Spectrometry).125 Development trends in SAW devices focus on smaller structures, higher input power or higher frequency. Two Cu metallization systems (of 150 nm thickness) on a LiNb03 substrate with different barrier layers ... 

Materials with non-linear optical (NLO) properties are of particular interest to the telecommunications industry and specific to the technology of photonics [150]. The impregnation of polymeric materials with organic, azobenzene dyes is a possible route to the preparation of these materials. Poling techniques are required to avoid the polar molecules aligning antiparallel to each other, which avoids centro-symmetric arrangements [151]. A thorough review of the preparation and assessment of polymeric materials with azo-dyes for non-hnear optics has recently been prepared by Yesodha et al. [152]. 

The molten plastic is extruded into a cavity mold at high pressure. The material cools in the cavity and solidifies. The mold is then opened and the article is removed. Very intricate configurations can be obtained by this technique (e.g., to provide intricate and strong components for the electronic, telecommunications, and clock-making industries). 

Constraints for the use of DLs in AAS arise from their limited availability with emission wavelengths in the range 190—315 nm, which is also inaccessible with frequency doubling techniques. This however will most likely not remain a fundamental limitation, as the development of short wavelength diode lasers is driven by the telecommunication and electronics industry. 

That said some industries appear to value the use of strategy tools and techniques more than others. The top performance scores for both firm and function combined were recorded in the Basic Chemicals (0.80), the Confectionery (0.78), the Computer Hardware (0.76), the Media Entertainment (0.75), IT Solutions (0.73), and Construction (0.71) industry sectors. The lowest combined performance scores were reported in the Publishing (0.43), Transport Equipment (0.56) and Aerospace (0.57) sectors. In the middle performance rank came Power Water (0.62), Retail Financial Services, Telecommunications and Tourism Leisure (all scoring 0.63), Retail Distribution (0.65), Oil Gas (0.66) and, finally. Healthcare (0.69). 

Table 9.9 outlines the findings from a series of questions focused on the extent to which tool and technique inadequacy or internal barriers where responsible for failures of implementation. At the group level only the Process/Combined (with 61%) and the Project/Combined (with 57%) groups blamed tool inadequacy more than internal barriers for failures of implementation. All of the other groupings tended to blame internal barriers rather than tool and technique inadequacy as the primary cause of failure. At the industry sector level there was a wider differentiation. Those most blaming tool and technique inadequacy included Telecommunications (88%), Oil Gas (76%), Basic Chemicals (64%) and Computer Hardware (59%). Those most blaming internal barriers included Aerospace (78%), Retail Distribution (75%), Tourism Leisure (71%), Retail Financial Services (68%), Publishing (67%), IT Solutions (57%) and Confectionery (55%). 

Gawkowski P., Lawryhczuk M., Marusak P., Sosnowski J., Tatjewski P. Software Implementation of Explicit DMC Algorithm with Improved Dependability. In T. Sobh, et al. (eds) Novel Algorithms and Techniques In Telecommunications, Automation and Industrial Electronics, pp. 214—219, Springer (2008)... 

Formant synthesis originated from research into human voice simulation, but its methods have been adapted to model other types of sounds. Human voice simulation is of great interest to the industrial, scientific and artistic communities alike. In telecommunications, for example, speech synthesis is important because it is comparatively inexpensive and also safer to transmit synthesis parameters rather than the voice signal. In fact, music sound synthesis owes much of its techniques to research in telecommunications systems. 

---