Voice simulation

Formant synthesis originated from research into human voice simulation, but its methods have been adapted to model other types of sounds. Human voice simulation is of great interest to the industrial, scientific and artistic communities alike. In telecommunications, for example, speech synthesis is important because it is comparatively inexpensive and also safer to transmit synthesis parameters rather than the voice signal. In fact, music sound synthesis owes much of its techniques to research in telecommunications systems. 

In music research, voice simulation is important because the human ability to distinguish between different timbres is closely related to our capacity to recognise vocal sounds, especially vowels. Since the nineteenth century, a bulk of scientific studies has linked speech and timbre perception, from Helmholtz (1885) to current research in cognitive science (McAdams and Deliege, 1985). 

Vosim is an abbreviation of voice simulator. This synthesis technique was developed in the 1970s by Werner Kaegi and Stan Tempellars (1978) at the Institute of Sonology, in Utrecht, Holland. In plain terms, this technique is akin to FOF, in the sense that it produces a formant by generating sequences of tone bursts. The main difference lies in the waveform of the bursts. 

Voice Both active and passive voice are used in conference abstracts. Active voice is especially common in move I (e.g., 2,2 -BipyrroIes are key synthetic precursors ) but is also used in the rest of the abstract. Passive voice is often used to refer to work done in the past (e.g., Molecular dynamics simulations... 

Here, from the burning and justifiable wrath of the prophet we learn that these twenty-five men, in order to avert the threatened attack by the Babylonians, had recently had a great Day of Blood, no doubt like that of Cybele in Rome, but with fatal results. We learn also that Jaazaniah was one of the Princes of Israel, and have previously seen that the old Syrian Kings considered that they were incarnations of the God Tammuz. Thus there can, I fear, be little doubt as to whether it was a real or simulated corpse which lay in the rock hewn tomb while the voice of lamentation went up at the North gate. 

The majority of these programs were based on Moodle (or similar e-leaming tools) and focused on digitizing traditional course material. Most popular forms were slideshows (occasionally supplemented with a lecturer s voice) and quizzes. Active forms (simulations, projects) were less common due to higher costs. 

FIGURE 3.40 Simulated spherical loud-speaker. The housing is perforated with many small holes. The voice coils are connected 180 out of phase. Source Termaine, H.M. 1973. Audio Cyclopedia, 2nd ed., p. 111. Howard Sams.)... 

Jenness, J.W., Lattanzio, R.J., O Toole, M. and Taylor, N. (2002), Voice-activated Dialling or Eating a Cheeseburger Which is more Distracting during Simulated... 

Figure 6.6 The simulation of a voicing source signal may be obtained by low-pass filtering the pulse train...

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