Contracts technology transfer

Success in technology transfer will mainly depend on the country s capability to effectively absorb the technology it is receiving. The type of contract (turnkey or non-turnkey) under which the nuclear power plant is acquired should not have a major influence on this but, on the other hand, specific provisions within the contracts (for plant as well as fuel) and specific additional technology transfer contracts and agreements will have a large impact on the success of technology transfer. 

Contract companies can provide more than simply additional capacity. They can provide translation of bench-scale operations to cGMP compliant manufacturing, technology transfer, and process validation [104]. Contract services also are provided by equipment suppliers to optimize/develop processes using their equipment [90]. These services can be more cost-effective than third-party laboratories, contract manufacturing, or in-house. 

Technology transfer offices can be quite large (40+ people) or very small ( an army of one ), or just about anything in between, with the vast majority having fewer than ten people. These offices often work very closely with contracting and sponsored research units, but are sometimes separate from contracts functions. 

Technology transfer generally begins during Phase III clinical studies. This includes both transfer of the manufacturing process of drug substance and product and of testing procedures to specific company facilities or contract laboratories for implementation as chemical and commercial product sources. 

EPA, Technology Transfer Industrial Guide for Air Pollution Control, Contract 68-01-4147, by PEDCo Environmental, Inc., June 1978. 

---