Technical enzyme

Technical Enzymes. When an enzyme is used for a technical appHcation, ie, industrial but nonfood and nonfeed, its regulatory status is determined by its properties as a naturally occurring substance. These properties determine the classification and consequent labeling in accordance with existing schemes for chemicals. It should be noted that enzymes are not Hsted as dangerous chemicals. 

To start the recycling system assay, 1200 L of water and 600 mL of the technical enzyme (0.5 mL enzyme/L of water) were added to the 2500 L holding tank. A periodical addition of water and enzyme at the same concentration was necessary to compensate for losses caused by the peel residues and centrifugation. The open system assay was performed in the normal way as reference, without recycling or enzyme addition. 

Biopract provides technological products and processes for industry, agriculture, and environment. They not only produce technical enzyme preparations but also develop enzymes for applications in agriculture, food, and textile industry as well as in environmental technologies. On the later, bioremediation has been an area of service delivery from Biopract. Their activities regards microbial preparations for the bioremediation of organic contaminants (mineral oil (MKW), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), volatile organic hydrocarbons (VOC), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). 

Technetium carbonyl, 16 66 Technical art history, 11 398 Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI), 21 17 Technical enzymes, 10 310 Technical-grade active ingredient analysis, 18 544... 

In the use of whole cells severe problems may arise from strain specific activity of intracellular enzymes reacting with the product. For instance, the organism may use the substrate or the product as the carbon source or intracellular esterase activities may influence the yield of hydroxy esters formed by enzymatic reduction of keto esters. These problems may be avoided using isolated enzymes. These potential side reactions also define the purification grade of a technical enzyme sample because the complete separation of the disturbing activities must be ensured. 

James Laughton, Exec. VP-Animal Nutrition/Food Beverage Enzymes Glenn Nedwin, Exec. VP-Technical Enzymes Ken Herfert, VP-Supply... 

Anon. (2005) Novozymes 2004 industrial and technical enzymes. Focus on Catalysts, 2005 3. 

Figure 6. High performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) profiles of MHR treated with technical enzyme preparations (30°C, 3 hours). HPGPC conditions BioGel TSK 40xl, 30xl, 20xl in series, eluted with 0.4 M NaAc, pH 3.4, at 30°C.

These advantages have a positive influence on the economy of biotechnical manufacturing processes. In many cases expensive starting materials can be replaced by cheaper and simpler substrates of the biochemical reaction which results in a favourable cost price for the flavour extract. Compared to commodities which meanwhile include numerous biotechnical products (e.g. technical enzymes), the relatively high prices obtainable for flavour chemicals justify the relatively complicated techniques necessary for biotechnical processes. Production of flavour chemicals is, therefore, an interesting further application of biotechnology in line with e. g. the generation of pharmaceutical products. 

Effect of pure and technical enzyme preparations on cloud stability... 

Technical enzymes (protease, glucosa oxidase, pectic enzyme) MPLC ion exchange derivatives of hydrophilic macroreticular resin Mikes et al. [197,198]... 

P. pastoris is most favorably employed to produce secreted recombinant proteins. The major advantage is that the product is derived in a quite pure form after cell removal, so that recovery and purification are much easier than from cell lysates. Secondly, proteins that are naturally secreted in their native host often require the passage through the secretory pathway of the recombinant host for correct folding and processing. Most human proteins of potential therapeutic value are secretory proteins (antibodies, hormones, cytokines, enzymes), as well as many technical enzymes (e.g., cellulases, proteases, lipases, etc.), so that the secretory route is of high practical value. 

I Technical Enzymes I Food Enzymes I Animal Feed Enzymes... 

The market for industrial enzymes is estimated in 60 % of the world enzyme market and is forecasted to reach US 4 billion by 2015, while the technical enzyme segment accounts for a market of US 1 billion of which 30 % corresponds to cleaning enzymes. The market for specialty enzymes was estimated as being US 2 billion in 2009 which represented 40 % of the world enzyme market and is predicted to rise 7.9 % annually reaching a total of US 3 billion in 2014 (43 % of the global market). 

By contrast, overproduction of new low molecular compounds like sugars and derivatives secreted into the plant vacuole, and overproduction of technical enzymes, protein based polymers and other performance proteins may be more... 

Wallenfels and Pechmann (1951) were able to separate from a technical enzyme preparation amylase, lipase, phosphatase, and proteinase activities. 

Present production - Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), - antibiotics, technical enzymes, vitamin B12. Possible production Biotransformation to biopolymers. 

The most important technical applications of catalytic hydrolysis and acylation involve technical enzymes, as used in food processing, washing powders, or derace-misations. Especially the latter application has also found significant application in chemical synthesis. The kinetic resolution of chiral, racemic esters, anhydrides, or alcohols relies on the faster conversion of only one substrate enantiomer by the chiral catalyst, whereas the other enantiomer ideally remains unchanged. A special case within kinetic resolutions is the desymmetrization of prochiral mexo-compounds like mera-anhydrides (2) or meso-diols, (5) that requires a selective conversion of one of the two enantiotopic functional groups (carbonyl or OH-group, Scheme 7.1). 

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