Tear Agent - CNS

Wear dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of solid CNC or liquids containing CNC contacting the eyes use appropriate protective mask. 

Wear a complete set of protective clothing to include gloves and lab coat, apron, boots, plastic coveralls other protective clothing and equipment should be available to prevent contact with skin or clothing remove contaminated clothing immediately do not wear clothing until it has been properly laundered. 

Emergency procedures Inhalation Remove the victim to fresh air immediately  

Eye Contact Wash eyes immediately with copious amounts of water, lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally do not wear contact lenses when working with this chemical seek medical attention immediately. 

Aeration in the field wash contaminated surfaces with a 5% solution by weight of sodium hydroxide in 95% alcohol or strong soda ash solution. 

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The standard tear-producing agents currently in the US Army inventory for riot control are CS, CS1, CS2, CSX, and CR. The United States considers agent CN (popularly known as mace or tear gas) and its mixtures with various chemicals obsolete for military employment. This chapter includes these materials, however, for complete coverage of compounds with potential for use against US forces. This chapter also presents information regarding CN mixtures as an example of how agent properties can be tailored to the method of dissemination. 

CA was the first tear agent that came into existence at the end of World War I. It was outmoded in 1920 with the introduction of the CN series and is now obsolete. The tear compounds cause a flow of tears and irritation of the skin. Because tear compounds produce only transient casualties, they are widely used for training, riot control, and situations where long-term incapacitation is unacceptable. When used against poorly equipped guerrilla or revolutionary armies, these compounds have proved extremely effective. When released indoors, they can cause serious illness or death. 

Williams, Kenneth E. Detailed Facts About Tear Agent 2-Chloroacetophenone (CN). Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD United States Army Center for Elealth Promotion and Preventive Medicine, 1996. 

Uses. Chemical warfare agent (CN) principal constituent in riot control agent Mace in tear gas formulations for personal protection devices... 

CN). Colorimetric tubes are available which can detect halogenated hydrocarbons. Detection of agents with PIDs or FIDs may be possible. Detection and identification of agent vapors with FT-IR is possible provided that the appropriate reference spectra are available. Incendiary aerosols of Tear Agents may not be detectable by FT-IR because of detraction of the beam. 

PS), ethyl bromoacetate, chloroacetane, bro-mobenzylcyanide (Agent CA), xylyl bromide, xylylene bromide, benzyl bromide, alpha-chloroacetophenone (Agent CN), O-chlorobenzylidine malononitrile (Agent CS) and dibenz(fe,/)-l,4-oxazepine (Agent CR). The latter is one of the most commonly used tear gas agents. 

Agent CN is another tear gas used in small-pressurized aerosol cans known as mace . It is more toxic than Agent CS. It is an irritant to the eyes, nose and mucous membrane. Other effects include loss of balance and orientation, skin irritation and in certain people allergic reactions from dermal exposure. It was used by the US army in Vietnam. It is usually diluted in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride or benzene for use, rendering the solution an odor of the solvent. Its use has declined in recent years. 

CS (tear gas) is used by police and military for crowd control or riot control. CN (mace) is less potent than CS and is used by individual citizens for personal protection. Tear agents produce immediate intense stinging, burning,... 

CS has been widely adopted, especially In the United Kingdom, as a replacement for CN for use as a tear gas or riot-control agent. 

Riot control agents (tear gas) mace (CN), pepper spray, and CS. 

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