TCO transparent conductive oxides

Substrates DME = dropping mercury electrode FTO = fluorine-doped tin oxide G = graphite GC = glassy carbon GrC = graphic carbon ITO = indium tin oxide-coated glass SC = single crystals SS = stainless steel TCO = transparent conducting oxide VC = vitrious carbon. Miscellaneous ECALE = electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy ED = electrodeposition ML = monolayer RT = room temperature SMD = sequential monolayer deposition V = vacuum. 

Fig. 26 Dye sensitized solar ceU according to Gratzel (TCO transparent conducting oxide, e.g. indium tin oxide) (Source Heise online)...

Layer structure of a viologen electrochromic cell ( TCO Transparent-conducting oxide [e.g.. Indium Tin Oxide].)... 

Figure 4 shows the basic constmetion of the devices used in different appHcations, involving the deposition of multilayers of i -SiH of intrinsic (/), doped ), and closely aUied films, such as amorphous siHcon nitride, SiN, and transparent conducting oxide (TCO). As in crystalline... 

Very recently, even transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), such as indium-tin-oxide (ITO), have been prepared using suitable KLE templates.59 As one potential application, such porous TCOs (ZnO, etc.) are interesting for use in dye-sensitized solar cells. In general, such porous electrodes cover a variety of potential electro-optical applications, because they are both conducting and transparent. 

Figure 9.7. Illustration of the usage of mesoporous films of transparent conducting oxides for novel types of solar cells. The dark gray areas correspond to ITO, the brighter ones to an oxide deposited onto the TCO matrix. The sphere symbolizes a dye. For instance, such films can be used as porous electrodes to include dyes and to deposit semiconductors such as ZnO. 

Transparent composites, sol-gel technology in, 23 81 Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), 22 135, 12 610-611 Transparent fused silica, 22 401 Transparent lotus effect thin films, 22 121 Transparent nonmetals... 

Fig. 1.19. Transparent conducting oxide electrodes in different types of thin film solar cells. TCO contacts are given at the bottom of each structure. The bottom most row indicates the doping type of the semiconductor, which is in contact to the TCO...

Transparent conducting oxides are widely used as electrodes in thin film optoelectronic devices as solar cells and light emitting diodes because of their transparency for visible light and their high electrical conductivity. Highest optical transparency and electrical conductivity are thus key aspects for such applications. Most work on TCO electrodes is, therefore, dedicated to find deposition parameters, which improve these material parameters. In addition, contact properties are essential for the application of TCOs as electrodes. 

A schematic representation of the construction and operating principles of the nc-DSC is shown in Fig. 7.1. In the basic version, the device consists of two glass substrates coated with a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) such as SnC>2 F, with high optical transmission and low resistance. 

Fig. 6. Twin-compartment photoelectrochemical cell for the photocatalytic generation of H2 from water using electrodeposited p-CmO (from Ref. 382). TCO is the transparent conducting oxide substrate and A is an electron donor in the anode compartment.

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