Taylor temperature

Colson, R. O., G. A. McKay, and L. A. Taylor, Temperature and composition dependencies of trace element partitioning oli-vine/melt and low-Ca pyrox-ene/melt, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 52, 539-553, 1988. 

Allan N L, G D Barrera, J A Purton, C E Sims and M B Taylor 2000. Ionic Solids at High Temperatures and Pressures Ah initio, Lattice Dynamics and Monte Carlo Studies. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2 1099-1111. 

Fig. 5.16 Surface concentration of hydroxyl groups of silica, as a function of the temperature of dehydration. Data are +, from Fripiat and Uytterhoeven A, from Kiselev and Zhuralev O, from Taylor (cf.

Typical methods are those of F. C. Zevnik and R. L. Buchanan [Chem. Eng. Progi , 59, 70-77 (Feb. 1963)] and J. H. Taylor Eng. 6-Proc. Econ., 2, 259-267, 1977). The former is mainly a graphical method of estimating the cost per functional unit (Cp) based on the capacity, the maximum pressure, the maximum temperature, and the materials of construction. The Taylor method requires the determination of the costliness index, which is dependent on the complexity of the process. A simpler method was suggested by S. R. Timms (M.Phil. thesis, Aston University, England, 1980) to give the battery hmits cost for gas phase processes only in U.S. dollars with a Marshall and Swift index of 1000. The simple equation is... 

Concentration and temperature differences are reduced by bulk flow or circulation in a vessel. Fluid regions of different composition or temperature are reduced in thickness by bulk motion in which velocity gradients exist. This process is called bulk diffusion or Taylor diffusion (Brodkey, in Uhl and Gray, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 48). The turbulent and molecular diffusion reduces the difference between these regions. In laminar flow, Taylor diffusion and molecular diffusion are the mechanisms of concentration- and temperature-difference reduction. 

Potassium cyanide [15]-50-8 M 65.1, m 634 , d 1.52. A saturated solution in H20-ethanol (1 3) at 60° was filtered and cooled to room temperature. Absolute EtOH was added, with stirring, until crystallisation ceased. The solution was again allowed to cool to room temperature (during 2-3h) then the crystals were filtered off, washed with absolute EtOH, and dried, first at 70-80° for 2-3h, then at 105° for 2h [Brown, Adisesh and Taylor J Phys Chem 66 2426 7962]. Also purified by vacuum melting and zone refining. HIGHLY POISONOUS. 

Crystd from hot water (4mL/g at 65°), then dried in a vacuum desiccator over CaS04. Phillips and Taylor [J Chem Soc 4242 7962] cooled an aqueous solution of KMn04, saturated at 60°, to room temperature in the dark, and filtered through a No.4 porosity sintered-glass filter funnel. The solution was allowed to evaporate in air in the dark for 12h, and the supernatant liquid was decanted from the crystals, which were dried as quickly as possible with filter paper. 

Taylor and Marsh (7) investigated the long-term characteristics of temperature inversions and mixed layers in the lower atmosphere to produce an inversion climatology for the Los Angeles basin. In this area the cooler ocean currents produce an elevated inversion that is nearly always present and traps the pollutants released over the area within a layer seldom deeper than 1200 m and frequently much shallower. 

Finally, there is an interesting article" that shows how to use Taylor s series to generate shortcut methods from established theory. Examples are given for developing a criterion for replacing log mean temperature differences with average differences and for estimating the effect of temperature on reaction rate. 

All fluid properties are functions of space and time, namely p(x, y, z, t), p(x, y, z, t), T(x, y, z, t), and u(x, y, z, t) for the density, pressure, temperature, and velocity vector, respectively. The element under consideration is so small that fluid properties at the faces can be expressed accurately by the first two terms of a Taylor series expansion. For example, the pressure at the E and W faces, which are both at a distance l/26x from the element center, is expressed as... 

The flux-corrected-transport technique was also used by Phillips (1980), who successfully simulated the process of propagation of a detonation wave by a very simple mechanism. The reactive mixture was modeled to release its complete heat of combustion instantaneously after some prescribed temperature was attained by compression. A spherical detonation wave, simulated in this way, showed a correct propagation velocity and Taylor wave shape. 

If ACp is independent of temperature, the final term in Eq. (6-16) can be neglected. Clarke and Glew expanded AH in a Taylor s series, truncating at the third derivative of ACp. and obtained Eq. (6-17). 

Except for reactions with low barriers (i.e. <10 kcal/mol at 7 = 300 K), or at high temperatures, the quantity /k T is large, and the last series can be neglected. The tunnel correction is then given completely in terms of the magnitude of the imaginary frequency. For small values of the first term may be Taylor expanded to give... 

Figure 10-91B. Steam and condensate temperatures versus condenser length. Temperature distribution curve for the same multizone condenser as in Figure 10-91 A. Points A, E, and F are the same. Point B is above C, which locates the start of the wet desuperheating zone on the tube surface. (Used by permission Rubin, F. L. Heat Transfer Engineering, V. 3, No. 1, p. 49, 1981. Taylor and Francis, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. All rights reserved.)...

Fig. 106. Temperature dependence of vs(NbO) and vs(NbF) wave numbers for a single crystal of RbsNbsOF/s- Reproduced from [442], A. I. Agulyansky, J. Ravez, R. Cavagnat, M. Couzi, Ferroelectrics 152 (1993) 373, Copyright 1993, with permission of Taylor Francis, Inc., http //www.routledge-ny.com.

Siegel, R. and Howell, J. R. Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 2nd edn (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1981) Sparrow, E. M. and Cess, R. D. Radiation Heat Transfer (Hemisphere Publishing, New York, 1978) Taylor, M. (ed.). Plate-fin Heat Exchangers Guide to their Specification and Use (HTFS, Harwell, 1987). Tohloukian, Y. S. Thermophvsical Properties of High Temperature Solid Materials (Macmillan, New York. 1967)... 

In the Taylor-Prandtl modification of the theory of heat transfer to a turbulent fluid, it was assumed that the heat passed directly from the turbulent fluid to the laminar sublayer and the existence of the buffer layer was neglected. It was therefore possible to apply the simple theory for the boundary layer in order to calculate the heat transfer. In most cases, the results so obtained are sufficiently accurate, but errors become significant when the relations are used to calculate heat transfer to liquids of high viscosities. A more accurate expression can be obtained if the temperature difference across the buffer layer is taken into account. The exact conditions in the buffer layer are difficult to define and any mathematical treatment of the problem involves a number of assumptions. However, the conditions close to the surface over which fluid is flowing can be calculated approximately using the universal velocity profile,(10)... 

The temperature dependence of Z for CO is very similar to the above two systems (Figure 3). Experimental data of Millikan and White and of Gaydon and Hurle (10) at temperatures above 1000 °K. are again larger than our values by a factor of 5. Windsor, Davidson, and Taylor (34) obtained a larger Z value than the ones above. 

The Earth is a highly unusual planet because life did evolve on it and it thrived to the extent that the surface and atmosphere of the planet were greatly modified. The Earth is unique in this respect relative to all known astronomical bodies (Taylor, 1999). The Earth s location, composition, and evolutionary history are all significant factors in the planet s success in nurturing life. Critical factors include its temperature, its atmosphere, its oceans, its long-term stability and its "just right" abundance of water and other light element compounds. 

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