TATB l,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

PDAD-MAC Poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) TATB l,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6- trinitrobenzene... 

Interest in polynitroarylenes has resumed over the past few decades as the demand for thermally stable explosives with a low sensitivity to impact has increased. This is mainly due to advances in military weapons technology but also for thermally demanding commercial applications i.e. oil well exploration, space programmes etc. Explosives like 1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (DATB) (13), l,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) (14), 3,3 -diamino-2,2, 4,4, 6,6 -hexanitrobiphenyl (DIPAM) (15), 2,2, 4,4, 6,6 -hexanitrostilbene(HNS, VOD 7120 m/s, = 1.70 g/cm ) (16) and A,A -bis(l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-4,4 -diamino-2,2, 3,3, 5,5, 6,6 -octanitroazobenzene (BTDAONAB) (17) fall into this class. TATB is the benchmark for thermal and impact insensitive explosives and finds wide use for military, space and nuclear applications. 

The reactions of hexanitrobenzene (55) and 2,3,4,5,6-pentanitroaniline (31) with ammonia have been used to synthesize the thermally stable explosive l,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). Holmes and Fliirschiem have studied the reactions of 2,3,4,5,6-pentanitroaniline with nucleophiles. 

The effect on detonation transfer of the parameters shown in Fig Ex22 were reviewed for the donor and acceptor expls RDX, HNS-1 (2,4,6,2/,4/,6/-Hexanitrostilbene of 3 microns particle size) HNS-11 (Same as HNS-1, except of 200-300 microns particle size), DATB (1,3-Diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene), and TATB (1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene) with a wide cross-section of sensitivities. Eash of these parameters has been individually qualified and explained on both the theoretical level and the impact on practical hardware design. The experimental study is described in Ref 2 Refs 1) M.L.Schimmel, "Quantitative Understanding of Explosive Stimulus Transfer... 

Formal sequential addition of amino groups to 2,4,6-trinitroaniline gives 1,3-dianiino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (DATS, 56) and l,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB, 57). TATB is more stable than expected from the additivity calculation. The ability to have hydrogen bonding with three amino groups both intra- and inter-molecularly in the crystal stabilizes the molecule. The molecule that results is thermally stable and used as an explosive in situations where a very insensitive explosive is needed. 

Table 1.2 Examples ofPBX compositions, where HMX is cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (Octogen), HNS is hexanitrostilbene, PETN is pentaerythritol tetranitrate, RDX is cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine Hexogen) and TATB is l,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene...

TATB. TATB (2.16) is also known as l,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (CeHsNsOe) and was first obtained in 1888 by Jackson and Wing. 

The nitration of l,3,5-trichloro-2-nitrobenzene (8) to l,3,5-trichloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (9) with dinitrogen pentoxide in absolute nitric acid goes to completion in only 2-4 minutes at 32-35 °C. Further nitration of (9) would yield l,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (10) which undergoes ammonolysis on treatment with ammonia in toluene to give the thermally stable explosive 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) (11). The same sequence of reactions with l,3-dichloro-2-nitrobenzene provides a route to l,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (DATE). Such reactions are clean and occur in essentially quantitative yield. 

Popolato W.C. Davb, The Insensitive Explosives Nitroguanidine and Triaminotrinitrobenzene , Los Alamos Sci Lab, Los Alamos (1978) 75) J.R. Kolb H.F. Rizzo, Growth of 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) I. Anisotropic Thermal Expansion , UCRL-81189, LLL, Livermore (1978) 76) A.G. Osborn T.L. 

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