Tablet reduction

The therapeutic dose of acamprosate is 666 mg orally three times daily, and it is supplied as a 333 mg tablet. It can be started at the full dose in most patients without titration. It differs from disulfiram and naltrexone in that it is excreted by the kidneys without liver metabolism. Consequently, it is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than or equal to 30 mL/minute), and dose reduction is necessary when the creatinine clearance is between 30 and 50 mL/minute. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal and include nausea and diarrhea. Rates of suicidal thoughts were also increased in patients treated for 1 year with acamprosate (2.4%) versus placebo (0.8%). If necessary the total daily dose maybe decreased by 1 to 3 tablets (333-999 mg) per day to alleviate side effects. 

Because of their limited effects on allergic symptoms, decongestants often are used in combination with antihistamines.8 Many antihistamines are available in fixed-dose combinations with pseudoephedrine, which enhances the reduction in nasal congestion and allows for the patient convenience of one tablet. Optimally, therapy should be initiated with an antihistamine alone, adding the adrenergic agent only if nasal congestion does not resolve with antihistamine monotherapy. Use of separate antihistamine and pseudoephedrine also permits independent dose titration.4,11,12... 

The effect of particle size reduction on the bioavailability of nitrofurantoin was shown in Fig. 4. The microcrystalline form (< 10 pm) is more rapidly and completely absorbed from the tablet dosage form than is the macrocrystalline form (74-177 pm) from the capsule dosage form. This is not a completely satisfactory illustration of the effect of particle size on the rate and extent of availability, since other manufacturing variables have not been held constant. Nevertheless, it does suggest some correlation between particle size, dissolution rate, and rate of availability. 

Mishra and Gode developed a direct current polarographic method for the quantitative determination of niclosamide in tablets using individually three different buffer systems, namely Mcllraine s buffers (pH 2.20 8.00), borate buffers (pH 7.80—10.00), and Britton Robinson s buffers (pH 2.00—12.00) as well as 0.2 M sodium hydroxide. The drug was extracted from the sample with methanol, appropriate buffer was added to an aliquot and the solution then polarographed at the dropping-mercury electrode versus saturated calomel electrode at 25°C [36], The resultant two-step reduction waves observed were irreversible and diffusion-controlled. For the quantitative determination, the method of standard addition was used. Niclosamide can be determined up to a level of 5—10 pg/mL. 

When evaluating the effect of binder concentration on a number of tablet properties, surface area measurements were used to investigate the bond strength of the binder with the other particles [18]. A steady reduction in the surface area of the granules with increasing binder concentration indicated that the binder had covered or penetrated the particles, with the formation of particle-binder bonds. This was related to friability, and the increased bond strength was related to the decreased surface areas. 

Two studies have been performed so far on women with breast cancer complaining of hot flushes - neither showed an improvement (Table 4.4). Quella et al. (2000) did not show any reduction in hot flushes in breast cancer survivors using 150 mg of phytoestrogen in tablets. The study was a cross-over design and had two phases lasting only four weeks, which were not separated by a wash-out period thus a carry-over effect cannot be excluded. 

Ueda, T., Yamaoki, T., Miyamoto, M., Kimura, Y., Sasatani, H., and Kim, S.I., Baeterial reduction of azo compounds as a model reaction for the degradation of azo-eontaining polyurethane by the action of intestinal flora. Bull Chem. Soc. Jpn., 69 1139-1142 (1996). Krishnaiah, Y.S., Satyanarayana, S., and Prasad, Y.V., Studies of guar gum eompression-coated 5-aminosalicylic acid tablets for colon-specific drug delivery. Drug-Dev. Ind. Pharm., 25 651-657 (1999). 

Matsumara, H., Studies on the mechanism of tablet compression and disintegration. IV. Evolution of wetting heat and its reduction by compressional force, Yakugaku Zasshi, 79 63-68 (1959). 

Transferring patients not currently treated with entacapone tablets from carbidopa/levodopa to carbidopa, levodopa, and entacapone combination tablets In patients with Parkinson disease who experience the signs and symptoms of end-of-dose wearing-off on their current standard release carbidopa/levodopa treatment, clinical experience shows that patients with a history of moderate or severe dyskinesias or taking more than 600 mg/day of levodopa are likely to require a reduction in daily levodopa dose when entacapone is added to their treatment. Maintenance therapy Individualize therapy and adjust for each patient according to the desired therapeutic response. 

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