Tablet disintegrants, mineral

Cellulose Gel occurs as a fine, white or almost white powder. It is purified, partially depolymerized cellulose prepared by treating a// /za-ccllulose, obtained as a pulp from fibrous plant material, with mineral acids. It consists of free-flowing, nonfi-brous particles that may be compressed into self-binding tablets that disintegrate rapidly in water. It is insoluble in water, in dilute acids, in dilute sodium hydroxide solutions, and in most organic solvents. 

Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) is purified partially depolymerized cellulose, prepared by treating a-cellulose with mineral acids. In addition to being used as a filler, it is also used as dry binder and disintegrant in tablet formulations. Depending on the preparation conditions, it can be produced with a variety of technical specifications depending on particle size and crystallinity. It is often used as an excipient in direct compression formulations but can also be incorporated as a diluent for tablets prepared by wet granulation, as a filler for capsules and for the production of spheres. 

Tribasic calcium phosphate is widely used as a capsule diluent and tablet filler/binder in either direct-compression or wet-granulation processes. The primary bonding mechanism in compaction is plastic deformation. As with dibasic calcium phosphate, a lubricant and a disintegrant should usually be incorporated in capsule or tablet formulations that include tribasic calcium phosphate. In some cases tribasic calcium phosphate has been used as a disintegrant. It is most widely used in vitamin and mineral preparations as a filler and as a binder. It is a source of both calcium and phosphorus, the two main osteogenic minerals for bone health. The bioavailability of the calcium is well known to be improved by the presence of cholecalciferol. Recent research reports that combinations of tribasic calcium phosphate and vitamin D3 are a cost-effective advance in bone fracture prevention. ... 

The primary use for dibasic calcium phosphate in pharmaceutical applications is as a tablet or capsule diluent. It is also used as an excipient for direct compression formulations of hard tablets requiring a good disintegrant and an effective lubricant. It has limited use as a mineral supplement for calcium replenishment. Diluents often comprise the bulk of the tablet formulation, with use levels between 40 to 90 % of the tablet weight. It has also foimd use as an adsorbent and as a thickening agent in creams and ointments. The pharmacopeial specifications for Dibasic Calcimn Phosphate USP are as follows ... 

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