Synthesis reactions molecular scale

Jones, L. Schumm, J. S. Tour, J. M. Rapid Solution and Solid Phase Synthesis of OHgo(l,4-phenyleneethynylene)s with Thioester Termini Molecular Scale Wires with Alligator Clips. Derivation of Iterative Reaction Efficiencies on a Polymer Support, J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 1388-1410. 

Nano-technology will play a prominent role in the future synthesis of molecular thin films and devices. Nano-technology is defined as the study and manufacture of structures and devices with dimensions about the size of a molecule. Nano-scale physics and chemistry might lead directly to the smallest and fastest transistors and the strongest and lightest materials ever made [2], Likewise, bio-catalysts such as proteins will be increasingly used to facilitate relevant chemical reactions at ambient conditions. Natural macromolecules will be explored to provide selectivity similar to inorganic chemicals such as zeolites. 

Structural applications. The use of porous materials offers also new opportunities in such areas as coverage chemistry, guest-host synthesis and molecular manipulations and reactions for manufacture of nano particles, nano wires and other quantum nanostructures. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC) defines porosity scales as follows ... 

The SnAt reactions were first successfully used in the synthesis of high-molecular-weight poly(arylene etherjs by Johnson et al.4,5 This reaction represents a good example for poly(ether sulfonejs in general, either in laboratory -or industrial-scale preparations. In this procedure, the bisphenol A and sodium hydroxide with an exact mole ratio of 1 2 were dissolved into dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-chlorobenzene. The bisphenol A was converted into disodium bisphenolate A, and water was removed by azeotropic distillation. After the formation of the anhydrous disodium bisphenolate A, an equal molar amount of 4,4,-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) was added in chlorobenzene under anhydrous conditions and the temperature was increased to 160°C for over 1 h... 

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