Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles

Qi L, Ma J and Shen J 1996 Synthesis of copper nanoparticles in nonionic water-in-oil microemulsions J. Colloid Interface Sci. 186 498... 

The two methods for synthesis of copper nanoparticles in dielectric matrices by the hydrogen reduction of copper ions are shown within the Cu-doped silica sol-gel films and the hybrid Cu-zeolite-silica sol-gel optical materials on transparent substrate. Presence of zeolite microcrystals witin sol-gel films gives more flexibility in variation of copper nanoparticle preparation. Optical features of copper nanoparticles in these systems are determined by their size and properties of surrounding medium and presented as the plasmon resonance band with different line profile. 

Reverse microemulsion-mediated synthesis of copper nanoparticles has been one of the well-researched areas in this field. Pileni and her team have reported several investigations in this domain [218, 219, 411, 412]. A hallmark of those investigations is the extensive use of functionalized surfactants, namely, Cu(AOT)2 singly or in combination with NaAOT or copper dodecyl sulfate, Cu(DS)2, with/ without NaDS. These surfactants acted as the source of copper, i.e. no copper salt in aqueous solution was used. 

K. Cheirmadurai, S. Biswas, R. Murali, P. Thanikaivelan, Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles and conducting nanobiocomposites using plant and animal sources, RSC Advances 4 (2014) 19507-19511. 

Zhu, H.-T, Zhang, C.-Y., and Yin, Y.-S. (2004) Rapid synthesis of copper nanoparticles by sodium hypophosphite reduction in ethylene glycol under microwave irradiation,/ Cryst Growth, 270(3-4), 722-728. 

Ensign, D., Young, M., Douglas, T., Panigrahi, S. and Pal, T. (2004) Ferritin-mediated photocatalytic synthesis of copper nanoparticles. Chemtracts, 17, 218-24. 

Singh, D.P. and Srivastava, O.N. (2007) Synthesis of copper nanoparticles by electrolysis of DNA utilizing copper as sacrifidal anode. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 7, 2105-9. 

Another very interesting application was presented recently by the author. Electrochemical discharges can be used for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles [78,141]. The principle is very simple. A metallic slat, such as copper sulphate, is added in low concentration to a supporting electrolyte. Electrochemical discharges are applied for a few hours. When the solution is dried (in order to remove the supporting electrolyte) metallic nanoparticles are obtained. The electrochemical discharges locally reduce the metal salt. 

Haram et al. [385] described a detailed system for the synthesis of CuS nanoparticles using a copper-ammonia complex (pH=l 1) and thiourea in separate microemulsions formed by a non-ionic surfactant (e.g. Triton X-100) with 2-methylpropan-l-ol as co-surfactant and cyclohexane as the oil phase. Other nonionic surfactants used were NP-4, NP-7 and NP-9.5 (nonylphenyl ether surfactant series) the only ionic surfactant used was sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The reactions envisaged were... 

Pugazhenthiran N, Anandan S, Kathiravan G, Prakash NKU, Crawford S, Ashokkumar M (2009) Microbial synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Bacillus sp. J Nanopart Res 11 1811-1815 Salvador MR, Ando RA, Oiler do Nascimento CA, Correa B (2014) Intracellular biosynthesis and removal of copper nanoparticles by dead biomass of yeast isolated from the wastewater of a mine in the Brazilian Amazonia. PLoS One 9 e87968 Sathiyadevi G, Loganathan B, Karthikeyan B (2014) Solvent-mediated eco-friendly synthesis and characterization of monodispersed bimetallic Ag/Pd nanocomposites for sensing and Raman scattering applications. J Nanosci 762453... 

The dendrimer-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles was initiated by the pioneering work of Tomalia [48] and Crooks [49] on synthesizing copper nanoclusters in 1998. In 1999, Crooks and Zhao reported two studies on the synthesis of Pt [50] and Pd [51] nanoparticles with PAMAM Starburst dendrimers. In these two studies, the synthesized Pt and Pd nanoparticles were used in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and homogeneous hydrogenation reactions, respectively. 

The higher levels of control provided by the microreactors over the reaction parameters as compared to the conventional batch method and the production of pure phase copper sulfide nanoparticles in less than 3 seconds makes this method very attractive. The copper(II) complex of 1,1,5,5-tetra-iso-propyl-2-thiobiuret was used as a single source precursor for the synthesis of copper sulfide nanoparticles in a continuous flow process. " The nanoparticles had spherical morphology and were produced either as a pure CU7S4 or CU7S4 with minor impurities of CU9S5. Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the flow reactor used by O Brien et al. ... 

Z. Abdullaeva, E. Omurzak, T. Mashimo, Synthesis of copper sulphide nanoparticles by pulsed plasma in liquid method. World academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 78 (2013)1053-1056. 

Joshi, S.S., Patil, S.F., Iyer, V. and Mahumuni, S. (1999) Radiation induced synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles. Nanostructured Materials, 10,1135. ... 

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