Synthesis acids from aldehyde

ANGELI RIMINI HydroxamlcAcidSynthesis Synthesis of hydroxamlc acids from aldehydes and N suMonylhydroxytamine, also used as a color test for aldehydes... 

STRECKER Aminoacid synthesis Synthesis of a-amino acids from aldehydes or ketones via cyanohydnns... 

Strecker-cyanohydrin synthesis the synthesis of amino acids from aldehydes, HCN and NH3 in the presence of an aqueous fluid. 

Dondoni, A., Daninos, S., Marra, A., and Formaglio, P, Synthesis of ketosyl and ulosonyl phosphonates by Arbuzov-type glycosidation of thiazolylketol acetates. Tetrahedron, 54, 9859, 1998. Razumov, A.L, and Moskva, V.V., Derivatives of phosphonic and phosphinic acids. Part 26. Synthesis of phosphorylated carboxylic acids from aldehydes and acetals, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 35, 1149, 1965 J. Gen. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 35, 1151, 1965. 

Carboxylic acids from aldehydes Azlactone synthesis Oxazolones s. 2,654... 

Some appropriately heteroatom-substituted alkyl electrophiles undergo oxidative addition to Pd. For example, the carbonylative synthesis of a-amino acids from aldehydes and carboxamides shown in Scheme 5 must involve oxidative addition of 1 formed by the reaction of an aldehyde and a carboxamide to Pd to produce an a-amidoalkylpalla-dium species 2 as intermediate. It is likely that many other proximally heteroatom-substituted alkyl electrophiles will be found to undergo oxidative addition to Pd. 

HCN in Synthesis of Amino Acids from Aldehydes, Through Catalytic Amidocarhonylation of Syngas (CO/H2)... 

An efficient three-component coupling reaction for the synthesis of Af-acyl-a-amino acids from aldehydes, amides, and carbon monoxide, namely, amidocarbonylation, was first described by Wakamatsu in 1971.Recently, amidocarbonylation has successfully been catalyzed by palladium (Scheme The reaction would proceed as follows. 

Synthesis from Aldehydes and Ketones. Treatment of aldehydes and ketones with potassium cyanide and ammonium carbonate gives hydantoias ia a oae-pot procedure (Bucherer-Bergs reactioa) that proceeds through a complex mechanism (69). Some derivatives, like oximes, semicarbazones, thiosemicarbazones, and others, are also suitable startiag materials. The Bucherer-Bergs and Read hydantoia syntheses give epimeric products when appHed to cycloalkanones, which is of importance ia the stereoselective syathesis of amino acids (69,70). 

Amino acid synthesis from aldehydes and hydantoin (Bergmann), synthesis of serine derivatives (Erlenmeyer) or of y-hydroxyaminoacids (Plochl)... 

Notable examples of general synthetic procedures in Volume 47 include the synthesis of aromatic aldehydes (from dichloro-methyl methyl ether), aliphatic aldehydes (from alkyl halides and trimethylamine oxide and by oxidation of alcohols using dimethyl sulfoxide, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and pyridinum trifluoro-acetate the latter method is particularly useful since the conditions are so mild), carbethoxycycloalkanones (from sodium hydride, diethyl carbonate, and the cycloalkanone), m-dialkylbenzenes (from the />-isomer by isomerization with hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride), and the deamination of amines (by conversion to the nitrosoamide and thermolysis to the ester). Other general methods are represented by the synthesis of 1 J-difluoroolefins (from sodium chlorodifluoroacetate, triphenyl phosphine, and an aldehyde or ketone), the nitration of aromatic rings (with ni-tronium tetrafluoroborate), the reductive methylation of aromatic nitro compounds (with formaldehyde and hydrogen), the synthesis of dialkyl ketones (from carboxylic acids and iron powder), and the preparation of 1-substituted cyclopropanols (from the condensation of a 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol derivative and ethyl-... 

Three types of synthases catalyze the addition of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to aldoses or the corresponding terminal phosphate esters. By concurrent release of inorganic phosphate from the preformed enolate nucleophile, the additions are essentially irreversible. None of the enzymes are yet commercially available and little data are available oil the individual specificities for the aldehydic substrates. A bacterial NeuAc synthase (EC 4.1.3.19) has been used for the microscale synthesis of A -acetylncuraminic acid from Af-acetyl-D-mannosamine31 and its 9-azido analog from 2-acetamido-6-azido-2,6-dideoxy-D-mannose32. 

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