Modification agent

To reduce the formation of carbon deposited on the anode side [2], MgO and Ce02 were selected as a modification agent of Ni-YSZ anodic catalyst for the co-generation of syngas and electricity in the SOFC system. It was considered that Ni provides the catalytic activity for the catalytic reforming and electronic conductivity for electrode, and YSZ provides ionic conductivity and a thermal expansion matched with the YSZ electrolyte. 

Figure 2.4 The general design of a cisplatin modification agent consists of the reactive cisplatin group and a short linker that typically terminates in a detectable label.

Figure 7.12 Amine-containing dendrimers can be modified using a number of common reactive modification agents. Excess amine groups can be blocked using acetic anhydride, glycidol, or an NHS-mPEG compound. Amines also can be converted into carboxylates using succinic anhydride.

Large polymer PEG reagents having molecular weights >2,000 Da have been used for over 20 years as modification agents for biological molecules (Chapter 25). These compounds often are... 

Cooper CF, Jolly WC. 1970. Ecological effects of silver iodide and other weather modification agents. Water Resource Research 6 88-98. 

Are there metal-free chain modification agents for Nd-mediated polymerizations ... 

In Co- and Ni-mediated polymerizations of dienes the molar mass is commonly regulated by metal-free agents such as hydrogen, cyclooctadiene, 1,2-butadiene etc. In Nd-catalysis these additives do not result in a reduction of molar mass. What is the reason for this difference and are there metal-free chain modification agents which work with Nd-catalysts ... 

There is an equilibrium between living chain ends which are attached to Nd and dormant chain ends which can be attached to Al, Mg and Zn. Very likely these chain ends exhibit differences in reactivity towards modification agents and polar monomers. This assumption will possibly result in the interpretation of inconsistent results observed in end-group functionalization and block copolymer formation, e.g. with polar comonomers such as e-caprolactone. 

Function Humectant texturizing agent stabilizer thickener crystal modification agent. 

The surface film on such lithium particles have been analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which shows that the surface film has the same chemical compositions and structure, as those obtained for lithium particles deposited in propylene carbonate with LiPF6. This means that HF works as a modification agent during the electrochemical deposition of lithium. The clear suppression of lithium dendrite is very important for rechargeability of lithium metal anode. In fact,... 

A simple method of chemical modification of cellulose was proposed by Zhdanov and coworkers [126]. This method was based on the hydrophobic mercerization of cellulose in a superbasic medium such as the dimethylsulf-oxide-solid sodium hydroxide mixture, followed by etherification or esterification. Methyl sulfate, benzyl chloride, acetic anhydride, methyl bromoacetate, triethyleneglycol ditosylate, and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride were used as the modification agents. This method simplified appreciably the preparation of acetylcellulose and methoxycarbonylmethylcellulose. Cellulose ethers can be prepared with high etherification yield, uniform substitution, and good oxidation resistance by alkalinization and alkylation of aqueous cellulose in the presence of water-miscible cyclic ethers as suspending agents [127]. 

An effective method to increase the efficiency of a fluid drive is to plug the thief zone(s), direct fluids to areas of higher oil saturation and thus improve the ratio of oil produced to fluid injected. Emulsions have been shown to be effective permeability modification agents, but little work has been reported on their use. 

Modification agent(s) Semiconductor(s) Modification objective Sample reference(s)... 

Buckingham, L.E. Balasubramanian, M. Emanuele, R.M. Clodfelter, K.E. Coon, J.S. Comparison of solutol HS 15, Cremophor EL and novel ethoxylated fatty acid surfactants as multidrug resistance modification agents. Int. J. Cancer 1995, 62 (4), 436-442. 

HPN is produced by the disproportionation of two molecules of hydroxypivalde-hyde in the presence of a basic catalyst such as calcium hydroxide [31.27]. HPN is used as a diol modification agent in polyesters, polyurethanes and plasticisers. It is also used as a component of polyester-varnish systems. 

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