Synergism with Nitrogen

It is emphasized that the foregoing discussion applies to skyward, (i.e., well-rinsed) surfaces, and not to those which are primarily the sites of evaporation of liquid from adjacent areas nor to those more completely sheltered from incoming liquid water. At surface areas where substantial amounts of reaction products are retained in the stone surface, mechanical mechanisms of damage are thought to apply (3 ). Effects on sheltered, partially sheltered, and vertical surface areas are subjects of planned future work. Studies of the possible synergism of nitrogen dioxide effects with those of sulfur dioxide dry deposition also are being planned. 

Segawa, T M. Kamata S. Hara Y. Totani. Antioxidant activity of phospholipids for polyunsaturated fatty acids of fish oil. IIL Synergism of nitrogen-containing phospholipids with tocopherol. Yukagaku 1995, 44, 36-42. 

Lim) often cause the greatest alteration in pulmonary function because they can penetrate farther into the alveoli, whereas the larger particles are deposited in the upper respiratory tract. Increase in airway resistance at high acid concentrations has been demonstrated by several authors. Presence of ammonia in expired air has been reported to afford some protection in humans Synergism has been demonstrated when sulfuric acid is deposited on zinc oxide dusts in the presence of sulfur dioxide, and also when combined with nitrogen dioxide or sulfur dioxide, ozone, metallic aerosols, and sulfuric acid. 

Phosphorus compounds, e.g. ammonium polyphosphate or encapsulated red phosphorus particles were also mentioned as efficient fire retardants [105,106]. As an additive, which combines the fire retardant function of nitrogen and phosphorus and exhibits synergism of nitrogen and phosphorus, melamine diphosphate was described [107]. Bromine compounds are synergistic fire retardants, if used jointly with antimony oxide [108]. 

Major Chemicals. Phosphorus. Combination salts of the phosphates have been used for retarding wood since the time of Gay-Lussac. Monoammonium and diammonium phosphates have been the most effective. The efficiency of phosphorus compounds can be increased by the presence of certain nitrogen compounds that produce a synergistic effect. The advantage of such synergism is that increased flame-spread resistance can be achieved with lower chemical loading levels. The amino-resin systems are based on this synergistic effect. 

SaUet, D. Mailhoslefievre, V. Martel, B. Flame retardancy of polyamide 11 with a decabromodiphenyl-antimony trioxide mixture a bromine-antimony-nitrogen synergism. Polym Degrad. Stab. 1990, 30(1), 29-39. 

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