Synergies interaction

Williamson, E.M. 2001, Synergy interactions within herbal medicines . The European Phytojournal 2 1-7, . 

Interactions with xanthan were investigated for some GAX fractions of wheat bran [109]. Whereas, for lowly substituted GaMs a synergy in viscosity was observed at low total polymer concentrations, yielding a maximum of the relative viscosity at nearly equal proportions of both polysaccharides [124], the xanthan/xylan mixtures at the same experimental conditions showed no synergy. The observed decrease in the relative viscosity values upon addition of the xylan indicates that a certain interaction with xanthan takes place, but that it leads to a contraction in the hydrodynamic volume. The authors suggested that structural and conformational differences between GaM and GAX might be the reason for this observation. 

The mechanism that has been developed for the conversion of methane to methanol by FeO+ is an excellent example of the synergy between experiment and theory. This mechanism includes two key concepts concerted reaction involving the critical [HO—Fe—CH3] insertion intermediate and two-state reactivity. The reaction proceeds as follows electrostatic interaction between FeO+ and methane produces the [OFe- GHJ entrance channel complex. 

In some cases, catechins can also act in synergistic mode when used in association with currently used antibiotic molecules (Table 2). EGCG exhibited synergy with /3-lactams. Sudano Roccaro et al. [73] found that this compound is able to reverse tetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus isolates. This synergistic interaction has been explained by inhibition of tetracycline efflux pump activity in microbial cells resulting in an... 

Borman, A. M., Michel, Y. M., and Kean, K. M. (2000). Biochemical characterization of cap-poly(A) synergy in rabbit reticulocyte lysates The eIF4G-PABP interaction increases the functional affinity of eIF4E for the capped mRNA 5r-end. Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 4068-4075. 

Although the trajectory and convective diffusion techniques are conceptually simple, certain mechanisms, in particular, the exact role of the intermolecular force between the particle and the electrode remains an element of debate. Most of these problems arise because continuum models about short-range interactions break down at very short distances, where other factors, much less defined come into play. A complete understanding of the coelectrodeposition process requires a synergy between theoretical models and thorough experimental work. 

The important result of the LIESST experiments in (bt, S) is that the pho-toinduced species are not only [HS-LS] but also [HS-HS] pairs. The appearance of [HS-LS] species should be interpreted in terms of a synergy between intramolecular and intermolecular cooperative interactions which energetically stabilise the mixed pairs. However, the time dependent measurements (Fig. 14) reveal that [HS-HS] pairs are unstable and revert with time to both [HS-LS] and [LS-LS] configurations [17]. This observation is important in the comparative analysis of the two-step transition in (bt, S) (see Sect. 6). 

The synergy between magnetic interaction and spin crossover has been explored in five-coordinate Fe(III) complexes containing two bidentate cis-l,2-dicyano-l,2-ethylenedithiolates together with a monodentate coordinat-... 

Together, all the inferences from both computational modeling and simulation (which can reveal novel aspects of the receptor mechanisms, based on the dynamic properties of the proteins) serve as mechanistic working hypotheses for new and more focused experiments. This mode of closely considered interactions and synergy between computational developments and experimental probing of the receptor systems has become a sustained characteristic of current studies of structure-function... 

A number of compounds act in synergy with cyanide to produce toxic effects. In smoke, hydrogen cyanide may interact with other toxicants (Birky and Clarke 1981). High blood cyanide levels were found in fire victims however, the carboxyhemoglobin levels were also high. Thus, it is difficult to assess the... 

Interactions between plants and microorganisms in remediation must be studied further and with greater attention, because in many contaminated sites they both can be beneficial if applied simultaneously, and synergy may enhance the individual site cleanup and reduce costs.. This holistic approach considers interactions in the environment, not only between organisms, but also between contaminants, and between biotic and abiotic factors. 

Finally, progress in the field of bio-hydrogen R D will significantly depend on how well close interaction and feedback between these different fields of R D can be achieved in order to obtain intensive knowledge transfer, make tacit knowledge available, and to exploit synergies. 

It can be confounded by highly interactive variables, variables that are useless on their own, but show synergy when used together. 

The study of cellulases has progressed considerably in the present decade. Recombinant DNA techniques have been applied and protein-chemical and structural studies have provided new insights. Crystallization of the first cellulases has succeeded recently and detailed structural information may be expected soon. It is hoped that this will give a further incentive to studying the intricate reaction mechanism of these enzymes and their substrate interactions (adsorptions). The important synergy phenomena certainly need a more systematic approach and new techniques should be applied in this area. 

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