Symbolism triangles

Fig. 5.3. Mycelial biomass is negatively correlated with foliar in mycorrhizal Finns sylvestris. Fungal biomass in perlite calculated from ergosterol measurements and appropriate conversion factors for Thelephora or Suillus. r = 0.90, /><0.001. High nitrogen supply, filled symbols low nitrogen supply, empty symbols triangles, Suillus squares, Thelephora. From Hobbie and Colpaert (2003).

Fig. 66. Er,Sni, Rh4B4 low temperature phase diagram after Woolf and Maple (1981). T = magnetic ordering temperature (filled symbols), = superconducting transition temperature (open symbols) (triangles were from heat capacity data circles and squares represent ac magnetic susceptibility data).

Fig. XVII-27. Nitrogen adsorption at 77 K for a series of M41S materials. Average pore diameters squares, 25 A triangles, 40 A circles, 45 A. Adsorption solid symbols desorption open symbols. The isotherms are normalized to the volume adsorbed at Pj = 0.9. (From Ref. 187. Reprinted with kind permission from Elsevier Science-NL, Sara Burgerhartstraat 25, 1055 KV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.)...

Plant-Performance Triangle This view of plant-performance analysis is depicted in Fig. 30-1 as a plant-performance triangle. Figure 30-2 provides a key to the symbols used. 

Figure 8 A joint principal coordinate projection of the occupied regions in the conformational spaces of linear (Ala) (triangles) and its conformational constraint counterpart, cyclic-CAla) (squares), onto the optimal 3D principal axes. The symbols indicate the projected conformations, and the ellipsoids engulf the volume occupied by the projected points. This projection shows that the conformational volume accessible to the cyclic analog is only a small subset of the conformational volume accessible to the linear peptide, (Adapted from Ref. 41.)...

Step 3 Drawing a Functional GO Chart - The system is represented by the interconnected GO symbols. Independent components are represented by triangle symbols and dependent components are represented by circles. 

FIG. 2 Phase diagram in the M-z plane for a square lattice (MC) and for a Bethe lattice q = A). Dashed lines Exact results for the Bethe lattice for the transition lines from the gas phase to the crystal phase, from the gas to the demixed phase and from the crystal to the demixed phase full lines asymptotic expansions. Symbols for MC transition points from the gas phase to the crystal phase (circles), from the gas to the demixed phase (triangles) and from the crystal to the demixed phase (squares). (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 190, Fig. 7. 1995, American Physical Society.)... 

FIG. 11 Adsorbed amount as a function of bulk concentration for a non-interacting (empty symbols) and adsorbing (full symbols) wall. Diamonds and triangles correspond to a system with semi-rigid chains, circles and squares for flexible chains [28]. 

Figure 2. Total energies of ordered (LIq structure, squares), random (circles) and segregated (triangles) fee RhsoPdso alloys as a function of the number of neighboring shells included in the local interaction zone. Values obtained by the LSGF-CPA method are shown by filled symbols and full lines. The energies obtained by the reference calculations are shown by a dashed line (LMTO, ordered sample), a dotted line (LMTO-CPA, random sample), and a dot-dashed line (interface Green s function technique, segregated sample).

Figure 2 Residual isotropic resistivity p of disordered Co Pdi- (open symbol.s) and CoiPti i (full symbols) alloys. Theoretical results obtained in a fully relativistic way and using the two-current model are given by up and down-pointing triangles, re- spectively. All other symbols represent experimental data taken from various sources [13, 14, 15, 16].

Figure 2 Orbital magnetic moments in bcc-Fe Coi-a . The triangles pointing up-and downwards represent the theoretical moments of Fe and Co, respectively, while the concentration weighted sum is given by circles. Full and open symbols stand for results obtained with and without the OP-term included (SOPR- and SPR-KKR-CPA, resp.). Experimental data [15] for the average magnetic moment (bottom) stemming from magneto mechanical and spectroscopic g-factors are given by full squares and diamonds.

Fig. 7. Gauche/trans content versus

FIGURE 5 This triangle illustrates the three modes of scientific inquiry used in chemistry macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic. Sometimes we work more at one corner than at the others, but it is important to be able to move from one approach to another inside the triangle. 

Fig. 2.42 Boiling curves of water in restricted space. Squares indicate Bond number Bn = 0.185, circles indicate Bond number Bn = 0.493, triangles indicate Bond number Bn = 0.9, and last symbol (-X-) indicate Bn = 1.52...

Johnstone (2000) emphasises the importance of beginning with the macro and symbolic levels (Fig. 8.3) because both comers of the triangle are vistrahsable and can be made concrete with models (p. 12). The strb-micro level, by far the most difficult (Nelson, 2002), is described by the atomic theory of matter, in terms of particles such as electrorrs, atoms and molecules. It is commorrly referred to as the molecular level. Johnstone (2000) describes this level simirltaneorrsly as the strength and weakness of the subject of cherrristry it provides strength through the intellectual basis for chemical explanatiorrs, but it also presents a weakness when novice students try to learn and rmderstand it. 

Fig. 3.11 Alkylating polyamide binding site model and structures of polyamide-alkylator conjugates. The dotted triangle represents the alkylating agent. All other symbols are defined in Fig. 3.4. The CBI and chlorambucil alkylator domains are boxed...

This text also displays three geometric symbols circle, triangle, square. 

FIG. 4 Nomialized concentration distribution of a 0.1 molar 1 1 electrolyte in an uncharged cylindrical pore of radius five times the diameter of the ions. The dashed line, solid up-triangles, and solid down-triangles are the neutral solvent particles, cations, and anions, respectively, in an SPM model with 0.3 solvent packing fraction. The open symbols are for the cations and anions in the RPM model. 

FIG. 9 Salt exclusion as a function of surface charge in a cylindrical pore in equilibrium with an SPM electrolyte of 0.1 solvent packing fraction. The open sqnares and circles are results of a 0.4 molar 1 2 electrolyte in a pore off = S.OrfandiJ = l.Od, respectively. The open np-triangles and down-triangles are results of a 0.4 molar 2 2 electrolyte in a pore of R = 5.0d and R = l.Od, respectively. The corresponding solid symbols are resnlts under the same conditions, bnt with a 0.1 molar electrolyte. 

FIG. 13 Contributions to the pressure between two —0.244 C/m charged planar surfaces separated by a 0.1 molar 2 2 RPM electrolyte. The open squares, circles, down-triangles, and diamonds are the kinetic, collision, electrostatic, and total pressures, respectively, from results of VaUeau et al. [98]. The corresponding solid symbols are unpublished results of Lee and Chan. The lines are calculations by the hypematted-chain (HNC) equation. 

FIG. 14 Comparison of total pressure between two charged surfaces in 1 1, 2 1, and 2 2 electrolytes. The open squares, up-triangles, and down-triangles are results of 1 1, 2 1, and 2 2, respectively, for the SPM model of 0.3 packing fraction. The corresponding solid symbols are for the RPM model. 

Figure 3.50 Extending kinetic explosion (squares) and thermal explosion limits by using a micro reactor with 300 pm channel diameter (filled symbols). Calculated values for (circles) and 7 3 = (triangles). Comparison with 1 m...

FIG. 4 Relationship between the final AOT and protein amounts in the solid phase for several different experiments, using a w/o-ME extractant of 50 or 100 mM AOT (unifilled and filled symbols, respectively), Wg = 20. Proteins (upward-pointing triangles) bovine serum albumin (downward-pointing triangles) a -ch5miotrypsin (diamonds) lysozyme. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 58.)... 

Fig. 5.18. Self-diffusion constants for a bidisperse (i.e. two different chain lengths) PE melt with Mn = 20 coarse-grained monomers. Open triangles are for d = 2, filled diamonds for d = 4, open squares for d = 6 and filled circles for d = 8. There are always two symbols of the same kind shown in the figure, since the bidisperse melt contains two species of different chain length. The numbers quoted in the figure correspond to these chain lengths for a given polydisparsity d. For instance, d = 8 corresponds to Mi = 12 and M2 = 52. From [184].

Fig. 2.5.7 The ratio of the peak amplitudes, product/reactant, as a function of time with the data obtained from the system illustrated in Figure 2.5.5. Symbols squares, coil 1 triangles,...

---