Sweetening agents preparation

Both solid and liquid dosage forms may contain saccharin. Saccharin is a nonnutritive sweetening agent, which is 300 times as sweet as sucrose. In a survey of sweetener content of pediatric medications, seven out of nine chewable tablets contained saccharin (0.45-8.0 mg/tablet) and sucrose or mannitol. Seventy-four of the 150 liquid preparations investigated contained saccharin (1.25-33 mg/5 mL) [62], Saccharin is a sulfanamide derivative that should be avoided in children with sulfa allergies [54],... 

The sweetening agent saccharin is also derived from a sulphonamide it is prepared from toluene-o-sulphonamide by oxidising the CHs-group to carboxyl with permanganate ring closure is subsequently brought about by the action of concentrated hydrochloric acid ... 

Name the sweetening agent used in the preparation of sweets for a diabetic patient. 

The value of crystallised fruits depends, besides on the quality of the frifit used and the method of preparation, essentially On the quantity of sugar and of glucose present. Genuine products should contain neither added antisepth or artificial sweetening agents nor injurious metals,... 

The type of fruit used to prepare the base wine its quality and nature the type, quality, and amounts of the herbs and spices used its mineral composition the sugar content and the sweetening agent used and the final ethanol concentration. 

Aspartame (a-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester) is a sweetening agent that is roughly 200 times sweeter than sucrose. Routes for preparing this compound are described in U.S. 3,492,131, U.S. 4,440,677 (both to G. D. Searle Co.), and U.S. 5,476,961 (to the NutraSweet Company). Determine which route gives the lowest cost of production. 

Acesulfame potassium is used as an intense sweetening agent in cosmetics, foods, beverage products, table-top sweeteners, vitamin and pharmaceutical preparations, including powder mixes, tablets, and liquid products. It is widely used as a sugar substitute in compounded formulations, and as a toothpaste sweetener. ... 

Aspartame is used as an intense sweetening agent in beverage products, food products, and table-top sweeteners, and in pharmaceutical preparations including tablets, powder mixes, and vitamin preparations. It enhances flavor systems and can be used to mask some unpleasant taste characteristics the approximate sweetening power is 180-200 times that of sucrose. 

Diluent diluent for lyphilized preparations sweetening agent tablet and capsule diluent tonicity agent. 

Saccharin sodium is an intense sweetening agent used in beverages, food products, table-top sweeteners, and pharmaceutical formulations such as tablets, powders, medicated confectionery, gels, suspensions, liquids, and mouthwashes see Table 1. It is also used in vitamin preparations. 

D-mannitol is widely used as sweetening agent and finds also different application in the food industry and related areas [1]. D-mannitol can be directly prepared from mannose or by stereoselective hydrogenation of D-fructose. However, the hydrogenation of D-fructose in aqueous solution over different heterogeneous catalysts leads to the formation of two isomers, i.e. D-mannitol and D-sorbitol, near to a ratio of one to one [1]. 

Sulfamic acid, like pyridine-SOa, can be used for preparing sulfamates, such as the widely used sweetening agent sodium cyclohexylsulfamate." ... 

Rare sngars such as o-allose, o-psicose, o-tagatose, and o-talose have been incorporated into health foods and drinks [5], where they are used as bulking, browning, and low-calorie sweetening agents in food preparation [6-8]. These rare sugars have a taste similar to suctosc. 

Specifications for identity and purity of food additives (carrier solvents, emulsifiers and stabilizers, enzyme preparations, flavouring agents, food colours, sweetening agents, and other food additives). FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 19, 1981. 

Syrups are aqueous preparations characterised by a sweet taste and a viscous consistency. They may contain sucrose at a concentration of at least 45 % w/w. The sweet taste can also be obtained by use of other polyols or sweetening agents. Syrups usually contain aromatic or other flavouring agents. Each dose from a multidose container is administered by means of a device suitable for measuring the prescribed volume. The device is usually a spoon or a cup for volumes of 5 mL or multiples thereof. 

Figure 11.10. Three common disaccharides lactose is a sugar found in mammalian mUk sucrose is the standard natural sweetening agent in many foods and obtained from sugar cane lactulose is a disaccharide prepared from lactose and which is not absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. It is used as a laxative.

ELIXIRS. Clear, sweetened, hydroalcoholic liquids intended for oral use. They contain flavoring substances and, in the case of medicated elixirs, active medicinal agents. Their primary solvents are alcohol and water, with glycerin, sorbitol, and syrup sometimes used as additional solvents and/or sweetening agents. They are prepared by simple solution or admixture of the several ingredients... 

A similar family tree could be constructed for the less common ketose sugars, but only fructose, 16.43 vide supra), and sorbose are commonly encountered. Fructose is the sweetest of all the naturally occurring monosaccharides, and hence, high-fructose corn syrup, a mixture of fructose and glucose, is widely used as a sweetening agent for food. Concerns have been raised as it is linked to obesity and diabetes. The natural isomer of sorbose, unusually, is the L-isomer, 16.55 it can be isolated from mountain ash berries or prepared by oxidation of sorbitol, 16.56, and it is used in the commercial synthesis of vitamin C. 

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