Swagelok fitting

The ShimTec reactor from Chart Industries [18, 19] is an example of a HEX reactor with diffusion-bonded plates (Figure 12.2). The reactor is composed of three plates one process plate sandwiched between two utility plates. All the units are made of 316 stainless steel, unless stated otherwise. Swagelok fittings are used for all the connections. 

Swagelok fitting welded on the button stage of reactor for gas exit, (9) port of reactor for sample and tip transfer, (b) Side view of the STM body (1) Wall of STM body coated with a layer of gold, (2) hexagonal sapphire, (3) CuBe spring plates, (4) receiver of tip holder, (5) screw to adjust the pressure... 

Figure 7.6 schematically shows the setup of gas introduction for the high-pressure reactor. For gas introduction, the male part of a Swagelok fitting (4 in Figure 7.6) is welded on a 1/8 in. tube of the cell lid (3 in Figure 7.6). A 1/32 in. PEEK tube...

Probe The probe is constrncted of stainless steel and has Swagelok fittings top and bottom for attachment to the process sample line. The constrnction of the probe inclndes a Dewar that reduces the sample heat transfer throngh the walls of the probe to the magnet components. At the sampling zone the inner wall of the probe is constrncted of alnmina ceramic which is specialty welded to the stainless. The probe is pressure tested to 1.035 x 10" Pa (103.4 bar, 1500 psi). The duplexor and preamplifier are built into the base of the probe. 

Fig. 9.3. Tensimeter based on an electronic pressure transducer. The sample with a microstirring bar is immersed in a constant-temperature bath. The pressure transducer (P), is connected to the glass apparatus by a glass-to-metal seal or a Swagelok fitting. S is a magnetic stirrer.

Figure 7.2.2 Schematic diagram of the flow probe developed by Dorn and co-workers and used for the direct coupling of SFC to NMR (a) insulated glass transfer line (b) glass insert (c) Cu/constantin thermocouple (d) stainless steel equilibrium coil (e) brass shield (f) Helmholtz coil (g) ceramic flow cell (h) brass Swagelok fitting. Reprinted with permission from Allen, L. A., Glass, T. E. and Dorn, H. C., Anal. Chem., 60, 390-394 (1988). Copyright (1988) American Chemical Society...

A whole laboratory can be readily served by one purification system if the purified gas is fed into a manifold with several outlets. Copper or aluminum tubing with Swagelok fittings and needle valves are convenient for this purpose. 

Fig. 3.12 The Swagelok fitting. The illustration of a Swagelok Fitting is used with permission of Swagelok Co., Solon, Ohio 44139. The illustration was supplied by the Swagelok Co.

Reaction Vessel. Samples to be irradiated are condensed into the cooled tip of a 4-mm o.d. thin-walled stainless steel tube. A brass slug, silver soldered over the end of the tube, acts as a heat sink. A metering valve (Nupro No. SS-4M ) connected to the tube with Swagelok fittings and equipped with a Kel-F O-ring seal and a micrometer handle complete the vessel. 

In the second technique (to 20 atm.), the apparatus was an all-metal system similar to that used for measurements on ozone-oxygen mixtures (2). The test chamber was constructed of stainless steel. It consisted of 1-inch bar stock (I-V2 inches long), Swagelok fittings, a pressure gage, and a copper-constantan thermocouple. The system had a volume of 20.1 cc. 

Apparatus and Techniques. Work involving aHF was carried out in apparatus constructed entirely from fluorocarbon polymers, T-reactors being made from FEP tubing (CHEMPLAST, Inc., Wayne, NJ 07480) with Teflon valves and Swagelok fittings, as previously described. ... 

One type of micro-reaction cell has been developed based on the capillary cell for studies of catalysts described above. Instead of using a flow-through cell, a closed quartz glass capillary e.g. 0.7 mm o.d.) is filled with the reaction mixture and mounted in a Swagelok fitting. A pressure of an inert gas e.g. N2) is applied to the surface of the reaction mixture, and a part of the capillary is heated to the desired temperature (Figure 15.5). 

The experience of the authors after several iterations is that the best system is to use steel cells with the minimum wall thickness permitted for the required temperature and pressure conditions. An off-the-shelf sealing system, such as Conflat flanges with copper gaskets or metal tubes with Swagelok fittings work well. There is also the need to allow the adsorbate access to the sample and all-metal bellows type valves are the best choice. These survive temperature cycling well. A variety of cells that have been used at ISIS are shown in Fig. 3.33. Fig. 3.34 shows a centrestick equipped for gas handling. 

Teflon front ferrules in Swagelok fittings provide leak free glass to copper seals and eliminate the need for more expensive and fragile Kovar or other metal to glass seals. 

The trap was then heated rapidly to 220°C and backflushed with helium at 40 psi for 30 min, which swept the desorbed components onto the GC column with a flow rate of approximately 10 mL/min. The GC column oven was maintained at — 70°C during the desorption. The switching valves, transfer lines, and Swagelok fittings were maintained at 180°-200°C. At the end of the desorption the valves were turned to permit the Tenax trap to be reconditioned at 220°C, with 50 mL/min of helium for 30 min, and to permit a GC run. The GC column oven was temperature programmed at 16°C/min for 5 min and then 4°C/min to 192°C. 

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