Sustained-release parenteral formulations emulsions

During the past 30 years, there have been significant developments of parenteral disperse formulations. The use of parenteral emulsions can overcome the problems of low aqueous solubility and water hydrolysis of many drugs [184, 185]. Such formulations can avoid the use of conventional co-solvent systems and the undesirable effects caused by precipitation of drugs at the injection site. Recent developments of parenteral disperse formulations have the potential to provide sustained release and targeting of drugs [186-189],... 

Apart from the already established formulations, researchers are trying to develop novel oil-based formulations to combat the poor solubility and bioavailablity of NCE. Shevachman et al. developed novel U-type microemulsions to improve the percutaneous permeability of diclofenac. Shah et al.2 2 used microwave heating for the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles by microemulsion techniques, which resulted in improved particle characteristics. Ki et al. reported sustained-release liquid crystal of injectable leuprolide using sorbitan monooleate. Recently, various novel oil-based drug delivery technologies are reported, which includes tocol emulsions, solid lipid nanopar-ticles, nanosuspensions, Upid microbubbles, sterically stabilized phospholipid micelles, and environmentally responsive drug delivery systems for parenteral administration.25 259... 

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