Sustainability problem

In endemic areas, chemoprophylaxis has been abandoned for a variety of reasons, mainly due to sustainability problems and the risk of contributing to the development of resistance. Intermittent preventive therapy (EPT), however, appears to be an alternative to protect pregnant women (IPTp) and children during the first year of their life (IPTi). 

According to Collins, sustainability is the single most important challenge for our civilization for at least the next 100 years. Collins stated that the cause of our sustainability problem is science and technology, which is controversial for the universities and disciplines since they are also re-... 

This drives us to the basic assumption that the sustainability problem is not only of technological character or even economic and that a considerable political- and market-driven dimensions are also at stake as identified in Marques (2006). In fact it has proven in Marques (2006) that the Kuhn s conditions for a scientific revolution are present in the energy field. According to Kuhn s conditions for a paradigm shift occur whenever scientists find anomalies in the current paradigms which cannot be explained. The sustainability factor is by itself the representation of these anomalies. 

Therefore, the goals of this chapter are to (a) provide an overview of waste minimization and its relationship to environmental sustainability (b) portray the causes of sustainability problems and diagnose the defects of current industrial manufacturing processes in light of MNT, and (c) analyze and extrapolate the prospect of additional capabilities that humanity may gain from the development of MNT that have the potential to ascertain total environmental sustainability. 

Within this lesson plan, the students learn about an authentic sustainability issue and the complexity of its solution. On the one hand, they learn that there is no best fuel , nor any best solution to many sustainability problems. On the other hand, they learn that making use of used oil or biofuels is not the ideal solution , too. Nevertheless, both ways can offer a contribution to environmental protection because less waste is produced and fossil resources are also saved. However, the students also learn how complex are sueh evaluations and how many dimensions need to be taken into consideration if an overall decision is requested. 

H.W. Engels, H.G. Pirkl, R. Albers, R.W. Albach, J. Krause, A. Hoffmann, et al., Polyurethanes versatile materials and sustainable problem solvers for today s challenges, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 (September 2, 2013) 9422-9441. 

Chemical developments bring new environmental problems and harmful, unexpected side effects [1]. The present economy remains utterly dependent on a massive inward flow of natnral resources that include vast amounts of nonrenewable [2] reverse flow of economically spent matter back to the ecosphere [3]. Chemical sustainability problems are determined largely by these economy-ecosphere materials flows [4]. It has become imperative to the development of the technological dimension of a snstainable civilization [5], In the 1980s and 1990s, several envi-... 

Green teams within various organisations and non-competitive consortia of pharmaceutical companies are working to both troubleshoot current environmental sustainability problem areas, and spot and promote best practices and future ways of working as they arise. " ... 

As commonly known, fossil fuels are associated with many sustainability problems. However, biofuels are not entirely exempt from such problems. Hence, when assessing biofuels from an economic and environmental angle, there are a lot of issues that should be taken in due consideration. Moreover, there are overarching social concerns not to be disregarded since most croplands are located in developing countries where local communities are at a serious risk of exploitation. 

According to the World Commission on Environment and Development (the so-called Bmndtland Commission), development can be defined sustainable when it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generafions to meet their own needs. Reading this definition, we can easily understand why biofuels are not free from sustainability problems. Phenomena such as indirect land use change (BLUC), deforestation, and displacement of agricultural production are only some examples in this regard. 

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