Sustainability dyeing technologies

The diversification of energy sources tailored to the requirements and resources of each country using nature s renewable resources such as the sun (photovoltaics), wind power, geothermal energy and biomass is a definite requirement. If solar cells are chosen to provide an alternative to fossil fuels, significant research work is needed (i) to develop new routes for the production of crystalline silicon, (ii) in the development of amorphous silicon hybrid materials that could result in enhanced efficiencies, (iii) for further development of thin-layer technology, (iv) in concerted efforts for cheaper and more stable dyes, (v) in improving the efficiency of the dye-sensitized cells and (vi) in process development to deliver enhanced device performances, ensure sustainability and reduce production costs on an industrial scale. 

This section explores the practice and technology used to apply dye to the principal apparel fibers. This leads to Section 5.6, which provides an overview of sustainability issues arising from commercial practice in the dyeing of apparel fabrics. 

A range of fixation technologies have been developed to take advantage of pad dyeing. Some have been evolutionary, whereas others have been developed specifically for a particular dye-fiber product. A summary of the key features of the various fixation technologies and their sustainability issues is given in the following sections. 

AirDye technology manages the application of color to textile without the use of water, providing a sustainable alternative to traditional cationic or vat dyeing proeesses. The process does not pollute water, greatly reduces energy use, lowers eosts, and satisfies the strictest standards of global responsibility. 

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