Survival scores

Treatment of primary hepatoma by the SMANCS/Lipiodol method has been approved in Japan for more than 6 years, since 1995. When the drug is dehvered by intraarterial administration using catheter, this treatment produces definite tumor size reduction (in >90% of cases), improved survival scores, and especially a good quality of life with very little side effect (Table 4). Furthermore, patients can be out of bed within a few days after the procedure (the Seldinger method is used for arterial infusion under the X-ray system). For all cases of primary hepatoma combined (including Child s criteria of A-C cirrhosis), the 5- to 7- year survival rate is about 30% with this method. With other treatments, no survival would be expected during this time frame. Hepatoma patients with milder liver cirrhosis (such... 

Stroke patients who require mechanical ventilation are not necessarily destined for a poor outcome. In a study by Santoli et al., 58 patients underwent mechanical ventilation and 16 survived. Eleven achieved a Barthel Index (BI) score of 60, indicating a good outcome. Within this study population, those patients with bilaterally absent comeal and pupillary reflexes had uniformly poor outcomes, underscoring the need for careful assessment of brainstem reflexes in intubated stroke patients. Other factors that have been associated with poor outcome in intubated stroke patients are advanced age and lower Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) at the time of intubation, as well as seizures and pulmonary edema. ... 

Curry et al. Neurosurgery 2005 56(4) 681-692 Retrospective chart, operative report, and imaging review 38 patients treated with hemicraniectomy for large hemispheric infarcts (average volume 407 cm ) Survival and surgical selection of patients 32 patients survived at 1 year. Age but not time to surgery, volume of infarction or craniectomy size correlated with ability to walk and Barthel score... 

Small vessel/lacunar strokes have better short- and long-term (1-year) survival as compared to other stroke subtypes. In the NINDS trial of rt-PA within 3 hours of onset, patients classified as small vessel stroke on the basis of their clinical syndrome had a 50% chance of a normal NIHSS score at 3 months if they received placebo, increasing to 70% in the treatment group. In the Lausanne cohort, 95% were independent after their first event, as opposed to only 65% of the cardioembolic strokes and 49% with large vessel atherothrombotic infarctions. Eighty-two percent of patients with small vessel stroke were independent at 1 year. Even at the time of maximal deficit, between 38% and 64% of small vessel/lacunar patients were independent, with motor impairment and extent of white matter disease adversely affecting outcomes. " In TOAST, small vessel/lacunar stroke was the only subtype associated with a favorable outcome, independent of the NIHSS score. ... 

Individuals with T2b and T2c disease or a Gleason score of 7 or a PSA ranging from 10 to 20 ng/mL (10 to 20 mcg/L) are considered at intermediate risk for prostate cancer recurrence.26 Individuals with less than a 10-year expected survival may be offered expectant managment, radiation therapy, or radical prostatectomy, and those with a greater than or equal to 10-year life expectancy may be offered either radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy (Table 89-5). 

The number of lambs born per ewe depends on the breed of ewe and on body condition score at mating. The optimal number of lambs born per ewe depends on the system of production on the farm. For instance, ewes lambing in an upland or mountain environment may well be unable to fatten more than a single lamb adequately, twin lambs being too small to survive the rigours of the mountains, and the ewe unable to find sufficient nourishment to milk well. 

Men with disease confined to the prostate (T or T2a), no symptoms, Gleason score of 2 to 6, or PSA of less than 10 ng/mL are at low risk for recurrence and have a high 10-year survival rate. If life expectancy is less than 10 years, options are expectant management or radiation therapy. If... 

Another approach that we took towards the top 50 was to examine what the ITC had done with these substances. We found that of the 50 substances only 18 survived the screening process used by the ITC to narrow down the total number of substances examined. Each of these 18 was scored, using the ITC scoring procedures, and were then considered by the committee. Four have been recommended for priority testing ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, toluene and xylene. 

Kendall s rank correlation, represented by r(tau), should be used to evaluate the degree of association between two sets of data when the nature of the data is such that the relationship may not be linear. Most commonly, this is when the data are not continuous and/or normally distributed. An example of such a case is when we are trying to determine if there is a relationship between the length of hydra and their survival time in a test medium in hours. Both of our variables here are discontinuous, yet we suspect a relationship exists. Another common use is in comparing the subjective scoring done by two different observers. 

Slott and Hales (1985) laparotomized pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on day 13 of gestation and the uterus was exposed. Each embryo in one uterine horn received an intraamniotic injection of acrylic acid in 0.9% NaCl at doses of up to 1000 Lg per fetus. The contralateral embryos received equivalent volumes of saline. The uterus was repositioned in the dam and the incision sutured. Dams were sacrificed on day 20 of gestation and the fetuses scored for survival, resorptions and external malformations. No significant increase in fetal malformations was observed, although a dose of 1000 (but not 100) j,g per fetus enhanced the number of dead or resorbed fetuses significantly. 

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