Surveys planning

In October 2008, MinCore commissioned AMEC, a global engineering services company, to conduct soil and stream sediment geochemical orientation surveys at Tameapa. The primary purpose of these surveys was to define the optimal field and assay parameters for the regional soil and stream sediment surveys, planned for 2009. The results of these surveys are the subject of this paper. 

A daily pre-survey planning session is held at which decisions are made about segments to survey and required equipment and supplies, existing data is reviewed, and survey members are briefed on specific plans for the survey. 

Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, U. S. Geological Survey, . 

To make sure that there is good employee participation (refer to Chapter 7), it is important that you select a cross-functional steering team that can run the process. The idea behind appointing this type of team is that it allows the distribution of work associated with the survey planning, administration, and analysis of results. In addition, the team can be used to promote a more efficient process and make sure that a variety of perspectives and opinions are considered along the way. The team members help to add credibility to the process. 

All of the data obtained thus far from the process flowsheets, process survey forms, control equipment survey forms, stack survey forms, photographs, correspondence, discussions, and the plant tour can now be organized to develop an emission survey plan. This plan must indicate the quantity of emissions estimated from each source, with possible variations due to season, time of day, feed materials, and similar variables. The emissions characterization should identify all important parameters affecting control of the pollutants and possible sampling techniques. These data will be used to review the compliance status for each source. These programs will describe the plans that will be implemented by the company to achieve or maintain compliance, and should contain the following increments of progress or milestones ... 

Changjiang Institute (2005, 1 August). Introduction to the SNWT Central Route. Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design, and Research. Retrieved April 24, 2009, from http //www.cjwsjy.com.cn/gcyg/20050801505.htm. (in Chinese). 

Pawson, R. L., Close Interval Potential Surveys— Planning, Execution, Results, Materials Performance, 37(2) 16-21 (1998). 

Exploration activities are potentially damaging to the environment. The cutting down of trees in preparation for an onshore seismic survey may result in severe soil erosion in years to come. Offshore, fragile ecological systems such as reefs can be permanently damaged by spills of crude or mud chemicals. Responsible companies will therefore carry out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) prior to activity planning and draw up contingency plans should an accident occur. In Section 4.0 a more detailed description of health, safety and environmental considerations will be provided. 

In summary, exploration activities require the integration of different techniques and disciplines. Clear definition of survey objectives is needed. When planning and executing an exploration campaign the duration of data acquisition and interpretation has to be taken into account. 

A site survey will be carried out, from which a number of parameters can be established, e.g. carrying capacity of the soil at the planned location, possible access routes, surface restrictions like built-up areas, lakes, nature reserves, the general topography, possible water supplies. The survey will allow the adequate preparation of the future location. For instance, onshore in a swamp area the soil needs to be covered with support mats. 

The survey requirements will depend on rig type and the extent of the planned development e. single exploration well or drilling jacket installation. Atypical survey area is some 4 km by 4 km centred on the planned location. Surveys may include... 

At the development planning stage, a reservoir mode/will have been constructed and used to determine the optimum method of recovering the hydrocarbons from the reservoir. The criteria for the optimum solution will most likely have been based on profitability and safety. The model Is Initially based upon a limited data set (perhaps a seismic survey, and say five exploration and appraisal wells) and will therefore be an approximation of the true description of the field. As development drilling and production commence, further data is collected and used to update both the geological model (the description of the structure, environment of deposition, diagenesis and fluid distribution) and the reservoir model (the description of the reservoir under dynamic conditions). 

If the original field development plan was not based on a 3-D seismic survey (which would be a commonly used tool for new fields nowadays), then it would now be normal practice to shoot a 3-D survey for development purposes. The survey would help to provide definition of the reservoir structure and continuity (faulting and the extension of reservoir sands), which is used to better locate the development wells. In some cases time-lapse 3-D seismic 4D surveys carried out a number of years apart, see Section 2) is used to track the displacement of fluids in the reservoir. 

California Department of Water Resources, California Water Plan Update Bulletin 160-93, Oct. 1994 W. S. Swain, USGS, personal communication, U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA, 1996. 

The most frequendy used chromatographic technique is gas chromatography (gc) for which instmmentation was first offered commercially in 1955 by Burrell Corp., Perkin-Ehner, and Podbielniak. Five additional companies offered instmmentation in 1956. Gas chromatographs were the most frequendy mentioned analytical instmmentation planned for purchase in surveys in 1990, and growth in sales is projected to remain around 6% through 1995 (1,5). 

The importance of time to market has recently been shown to be responsible for over 30% of the total profit to be made from a product during its life-cycle. However, it has been found that nearly 30% of product development programmes overran their planned times (Maylor, 1996 Nichols et al., 1993). The reduction in profit due to late delivery of the product to market is shown in Figure 5.1 for a sample of businesses surveyed. 

EPA, 1995, U.S. EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Survey of Control Technologies for Low Concentration Organic Vapor Gas Streams, EPA-456/R-95-003, Research Triangle Park, NC, December. 

The site safety plan indieated, however, that noise monitoring was required, but neither area noise surveys nor personnel dosimetry had been eondueted. 

All audits should be conducted against a standard for the performance being measured. Examinations without such a standard are surveys, not audits. Audits can also be conducted against contracts, project plans, specifications - in fact any document with which the organization has declared it will comply. The standard now requires system audits to be conducted to verify compliance with ISO/TS 16949 and any other system requirements. 

For example, a facility manager may be confident that PSM policies and procedures are in place, but line personnel may indicate in the same survey that they are unaware of them—suggesting a gap that your implementation plan should address. 

Whether you use an audit, a survey, or a combination of both, remember that your results provide a picture of your PSM activities as of a fixed point in time. This creates a useful point of departure for detailed planning, pointing the way toward implementation and establishing a benchmark for future measurement. 

If you decide to conduct a PSM user survey, keep in mind that it s essential to provide feedback to respondents on the survey results and the action plans or system changes (if any) that result. If users see that their input has value and impact, they are more likely to develop the sense of ownership that will help determine the long-term success of the PSM system. 

To chanicterize potential disasters by tjpe and extent, a survey of hazards or foreseeable tlireats in die community must be performed and evaluated. Widiout such information, an appropriate plan cannot be developed. An inventory of the community protection assets, liazard sources, and risks must be done before die actual plan is written. The procedures followed here is similar to diat provided in Part IV of this book - Hazard Risk Assessment. 

The risk inventory or risk evaluation is die ne. t part of die hazard survey. It is not practical to expect the plan to cover every potential accident. When die hazards liave been evaluated, die plan should be focused on die most significant ones. This risk assessment stage requires die technical expertise of many people to compare die pieces of data and detennine die relevance of each. Among die important factors to be considered in performing die risk evaluation are die following ... 

---