Surfactants electrophoresis

Schnee, V. R, Baker, G. A., Rank, E., and Ralmer, C. R, Electrokinetic chromatographic characterization of novel pseudo-phases based on N-alkyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium ionic liquid type surfactants. Electrophoresis, 2J, 4141-4148,2006. 

S.H. Edwards and SA. Shamsi, Chiral separation of polychlorinated biphenyls using a combination of hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin and a polymeric chiral surfactant. Electrophoresis, 23, 1320-1327, 2002. 

Capillary Electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis (ce) is an analytical technique that can achieve rapid high resolution separation of water-soluble components present in small sample volumes. The separations are generally based on the principle of electrically driven ions in solution. Selectivity can be varied by the alteration of pH, ionic strength, electrolyte composition, or by incorporation of additives. Typical examples of additives include organic solvents, surfactants (qv), and complexation agents (see Chelating agents). 

Chrambach, A Rodbard, D, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Science 172, 440, 1971. Chu, B Yeh, F Sokolov, EL Starodoubtsev, SG Khokhlov, AR, Interaction of Slightly Cross-linked Gels of Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) with Surfactants, Macromolecules 28, 8447, 1995. 

Capillary electrophoresis employing chiral selectors has been shown to be a useful analytical method to separate enantiomers. Conventionally, instrumental chiral separations have been achieved by gas chromatography and by high performance liquid chromatography.127 In recent years, there has been considerable activity in the separation and characterization of racemic pharmaceuticals by high performance capillary electrophoresis, with particular interest paid to using this technique in modem pharmaceutical analytical laboratories.128 130 The most frequently used chiral selectors in CE are cyclodextrins, crown ethers, chiral surfactants, bile acids, and protein-filled... 

Innovations in separation science continued on this theme and provided one of the most powerful separation techniques used in biochemistry, where proteins are separated with isoelectric focusing (IEF) applied in one direction, and gel electrophoresis (GE) applied at aright angle to the first separation direction (O Farrell, 1975 Celis and Bravo, 1984). In this case, proteins are first separated according to their isoelectric point, measured in p/units, and then according to their molecular weight by gel electrophoresis. The size separation step is usually aided by addition of a surfactant, most typically sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and the gel material is a polyacrylamide formulation. 

High-efficiency separations of FQ-labeled proteins are only achieved in the presence of an anionic surfactant, such as SDS. As a result, capillary isoelectric focusing is not useful for the analysis of these proteins. Instead, we employ capillary sieving electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for our two-dimensional electrophoresis. 

Capillary gel electrophoresis is becoming very widely used in the biotechnology field for the high resolution separation of DNA and peptides according to molecular weight, but it has limited application for the analysis of surfactants (Wallingford, 1996). CGE does result in an increase in the resolution per unit time over SEC for charged polymers (Poli and Schure,1992). 

Heinig, K., Vogt, C., Werner, G. (1998). Separation of nonionic surfactants by capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem. 70(9), 1885-1892. 

Petrovic, M., Barcelo, D. (2003). Capillary electrophoresis in surfactant analysis. Comprehensive Anal. Chem. 40, 77-87. 

Griese M ci al. Reduced proteolysis of surfactant protein A and changes of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteome by inhaled alpha 1-protease inhibitor in cystic fibrosis. Electrophoresis 2001 22 165-171. 

Various methods have been used to examine the composition of proteins adsorbed to SAMs. Overall adsorption patterns can be examined with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) [50, 76, 77]. Absorbed proteins are eluted from the surface with surfactant (SDS), and then separated by electrophoresis. The proteins of interest are examined by western blotting [50, 76, 77]. Protein-specific antibodies can be used to detect proteins of... 

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