Surfactant decanoic acid

Lif and Holmberg have demonstrated the efficiency of microemulsions as a medium for both organic and bioorganic hydrolysis of a 4-nitrophenyl ester see Scheme 3 of Fig. 3 [7]. The reactions were performed in a Winsor I type microemulsion and took place in the lower phase oil-in-water microemulsion. After the reaction was complete a Winsor I—>111 transition was induced by a rise in temperature. The products formed, 4-nitrophenol and decanoic acid, partitioned into the upper oil phase and could easily be isolated by separation of this phase and evaporation of the solvent. The principle is outlined in Fig. 4. The surfactant and the enzyme (in the case of the lipase-catalysed reaction) resided in the middle-phase microemulsion and could be reused. 

The surfactant should be polymerised with the matrix monomers in the form of a metal complex. In order to make surface imprinting easy and reliable, the monomer-type surfactant 10-(p-vinylphenyl)decanoic acid has been prepared and applied to an emulsifier for the preparation of surface-template resins [37]. The preparation of metal-imprinted resins is illustrated in Scheme 9.11. 

FIGURE 10.34 Values of the surface dilatational modulus ESD of solutions of decanoic acid at two concentrations (indicated) as a function of time scale t. (Adapted from E. H. Lucassen-Reynders. Anionic Surfactants. Surfactant Series Vol. 11. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1981, p. 201.)... 

The dynamics of mixtures of surfactants with proteins is of great importance for many practical processes, such as coating of photographic films, where gelatine in mixtures with surfactants and surface active dyes adsorb at the interface. Hempt et al. (1985) studied the relaxation behaviour of gelatine solutions in presence and absence of surfactants (SDS, tetradecyl dimethyl phosphine oxide, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, n-decanoic acid, perfluoro octanoic acid tetraethyl ammonium salt). 

Interesting data on the application of microemulsions in analytical chemistry are given in [303]. In recent time, aprotic solvents, such as acetonitrile, have been widely used in titrimetric methods. However, these solvents are toxic, flammable and have a number of merely technical disadvantages such eis high dielectric constant which narrows the number of substances determined. The titration of week acids, such as o-chlorophenol, jo-nitrophenol, decanoic acid, with amines in the form of o/w emulsions containing CTAB and butanol is possible. This section deals only with some aspects of surfactant application in novel technologies, but these applications demonstrate a continuous further development. 

It is also possible to extrude ceramic nanopowders with thermoplastic binder systems. Scheying et. al., for example, investigated the extrusion of monoclinic zirconia nanopowder [Schey 04]. The powder loadings achieved in the feedstocks were 44 and 53 vol% when using powders with primary particle sizes of 9 and 25 nm, respectively. The binder system used consisted of either polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate or polyethylene as the major component and decanoic acid as a surfactant. 

In recent studies, Friberg and co-workers (J, 2) showed that the 21 carbon dicarboxylic acid 5(6)-carboxyl-4-hexyl-2-cyclohexene-1-yl octanoic acid (C21-DA, see Figure 1) exhibited hydrotropic or solubilizing properties in the multicomponent system(s) sodium octanoate (decanoate)/n-octanol/C2i-DA aqueous disodium salt solutions. Hydrotropic action was observed in dilute solutions even at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the alkanoate. Such action was also observed in concentrates containing pure nonionic and anionic surfactants and C21-DA salt. The function of the hydrotrope was to retard formation of a more ordered structure or mesophase (liquid crystalline phase). 

Formuia RCOOCH2CH2N(CH2CH3)2, where RCO- rep. coconut oil fatty acids Uses Surfactant in cosmetics Manuf/Distrib. Somerset Cosmetic Co. Variati N-[2-Diethylamino) ethyl] octadecanamide. See Steaiamidoethyl diethylamine 2-(Diethylamino) ethyl o decanoate. See Diethylaminoethyl stearate Diethylaminoethyl PEG-5 cocoate... 

---