Surface tension of ozonized

Table II. Surface Tensions of Ozonized and Ozonized-Sulf onated Bitumen...

Table HI, Surface Tension of Ozone-Fluorine Mixtures...

The viscosity of the solution decreases rapidly as fluorine is added. A semilog plot of viscosity of the mole fraction gives a straight line at both temperatures which is typical of a nonassociated liquid. The surface tension of ozone is approximately three times that of oxygen. 

The influence of surfactants is predominantly of importance in waste water ozonation studies where often comparatively high concentrations of such compounds occur. However, similar effects can occur in drinking or ground water ozonation applications. This was shown for the decomposition of the organic phosphate pesticide diazinon (phosphorotoic acid <5,<5-diethyl-o[6-methylethyl)-4-pyrimidinylJether) in aqueous solution by ozonation. This compound was found to considerably affect the surface tension of the aqueous solution, even at low concentrations (c(M) < 10 mg L l) and, thus, also influenced the oxidation mechanism (Ku et al., 1998). 

Figure 1. Surface tension of water soluble fraction of ozonized bitumen...

Surface Tension. The surface tension of various ozone-fluorine mixtures was determined by the capillary rise method in the apparatus used for the viscosity measurements (1) using Equation 4. 

By the use of measured volumes of liquid ozone at low temperature, liquid ozone-oxygen mixtures are prepared without ozone decomposition. Techniques for the preparation, mixing, disposal, and measurement of the physical properties of these mixtures are described at the liquid phase boundaries at —183 and —195.5° C., the specific volume of ozone-oxygen mixtures is additive within experimental error (0.005 gram per cc). The viscosity of solutions at —183° C. (on a log scale) varied linearly with the composition from 0.189 cp. for 100% oxygen to 1.57 cp. for 100% ozone. At —195.5° C., the viscosity of supercooled liquid ozone is 4.20 cp. Single phase liquid ozone-oxygen mixtures are Newtonian fluids. The surface tension of liquid ozone is 43.8 and 38.4 dynes per cm. at —195.5° and —183°C., respectively. The parachor of liquid ozone is 76.5. 

The mutual solubility of ozone and oxygen at —183° and —195.5° C. has been determined by measuring the magnetic susceptibility and vapor pressure (4) of solutions, and a critical solution temperature of —180° C is indicated. The vapor pressure-composition data, combined with vapor pressure data for liquid ozone (1), were used to interpret the phase diagram of the system ( ). Measurements of the density and viscosity of solutions and the surface tension of liquid ozone are reported. 

The surface tension of pure ozone was determined by the capillary rise method in the apparatus used for viscosity measurements. The ratio of the capillary rise of liquid ozone to that of water at 20° C. was measured and zero contact angle was assumed. Results at —183° and —195.5° C. are given in Table III. The parachor for... 

The ozone causes a thin oxide layer to form at the surface of the mercury this lowers the surface tension of the mercury so that it can wet the wall of the flask. 

Alkaline reaction leads to the formation of the corresponding fatty-acid salts (anion-active surface-active substances), adsorbed on the surface of polymer particles. Surface tension of the investigated latex determined by tensometric method was of 46.2 mN/m thus defining an extra aggregative stability of Indian rubber latex during air-ozone bubbling. 

FLUOROCARBON. A number of organic compounds analogous to hydrocarbons, in which the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine. The term is loosely used to include fluorocarbons that contain chlorine these should property be called chlorofluorocarbons or fluorocarbon chlorides, since ii is these which arc though) to deplete the ozone layer or (he upper atmosphere. Fluorocarbons are chemically inert, nonflammable, and stable to heat up to 260-3l6°C. They are denser and more volatile lhan the corresponding hydrocarbons, and have low refractive indices, low-dielectric constants, low solubilities, low surface tensions, and viscosities comparable to hydrocarbons. Some arc compressed gases others are... 

With this intent we measured the density, surface tension, viscosity, and vapor pressure of the ozone-fluorine system at liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen temperatures. 

However, liquids that are commonly used, e.g., alka-nols, may dissolve and denature the actives such as macromolecules. The recent discovery of fluorocarbon (EC) liquids including perfluorodecalin and perfluoro-octyl bromide as alternatives may be useful because they are hydrophobic and do not dissolve proteins. In addition, EC has a low surface tension relatively weak bonds are expected to form between the fine particles of the loose agglomerates, which can be then redispersed readily as an aerosol. The high vapor pressure of EC renders low solvent residue in the final product. Fluorocarbon does not contain chlorine atoms, and is therefore ozone friendly. 

Physical Properties of Liquid Ozone-Oxygen Mixtures Density, Viscosity, and Surface Tension... 

Ozone oxidizes all the common metals except gold and platinnm. In fact, a convenient test for ozone is based on its action on mercnry. When exposed to ozone, mercnry loses its metallic luster and sticks to glass tubing (instead of flowing freely through it). This behavior is attributed to the change in surface tension caused by the formation of mer-cury(II) oxide ... 

No Amount of the bound ozone relative to the rubber, mass % Solid resi- due, mass %. pH value after ozonization Surface tension, mN/m Content of carbonyl groups in rubber, mass % Content of carboxyl groups in rubber, mass % Solubility of rubber in toluene, mass % Gel content, mass % Averaged-viscous molecular mass (MM) of rubbers released from rubber samples... 

As it is seen from the obtained data, the ozonization process of the Indian rubber latex with an increase of the amount of the bound ozone is entailed by the regular decrease of the surface tension value from 46.0 mN/m for the original latex to 35.0 mN/m for the ozonizated latexes. Consequently, the degree of adsorption saturation for the surface of latex globules increased from 55-60 % to 100 %. 

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