Fluorine ozone mixtures

Phosphoms oxyfluoride is a colorless gas which is susceptible to hydrolysis. It can be formed by the reaction of PF with water, and it can undergo further hydrolysis to form a mixture of fluorophosphoric acids. It reacts with HF to form PF. It can be prepared by fluorination of phosphoms oxytrichloride using HF, AsF, or SbF. It can also be prepared by the reaction of calcium phosphate and ammonium fluoride (40), by the oxidization of PF with NO2CI (41) and NOCl (42) in the presence of ozone (43) by the thermal decomposition of strontium fluorophosphate hydrate (44) by thermal decomposition of CaPO F 2H20 (45) and reaction of SiF and P2O5 (46). 

Cyanogen is a highly flammable gas. It forms explosive mixtures with air, LEL 6.6%, UEL 32% by volume. Reactions with oxygen, ozone, fluorine or other strong oxidizing agents can be explosive. Also, it can explode when exposed to spark, flame or heat. 

One can indeed make various hypotheses on the nature of the liberated gas the simplest would be that we are in the presence of fluorine, but it would be possible, of course, that it might be a perfluoride of hydrogen or even a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and ozone sufficiently active to explain such vigorous action as this gas exerts on crystalline silicon (42). 

The addition of a gas to a reaction mixture (commonly the hydrogen halides, fluorine, chlorine, phosgene, boron trifluoride, carbon dioxide, ammonia, gaseous unsaturated hydrocarbons, ethylene oxide) requires the provision of safety precautions which may not be immediately apparent. Some of these gases may be generated in situ (e.g. diborane in hydroboration reactions), some may be commercially available in cylinders, and some may be generated by chemical or other means (e.g. carbon dioxide, ozone). An individual description of the convenient sources of these gases will be found under Section 4.2. 

T Tdlizing the energetic oxidizers—ozone and fluorine—has been an aim of rocket technologists for many years. The physical properties of pure ozone and pure fluorine have been characterized well. Mixtures of ozone with oxygen (1) and fluorine with oxygen have also been characterized. The latter system is ideal while the former is not. It occurred to us that the physical properties of ozone-fluorine mixtures should be characterized so that this system could be evaluated more completely by liquid propellant technologists. Further, we expected that the mixtures might have superior properties. 

Table I. Density of Liquid Ozone-fluorine Mixtures...

These data were then reduced to straight-line functions on a Univac 1105 computer by the method of least squares. Equations 1 and 2 were used to determine the density of liquid ozone-fluorine mixtures at the two temperatures investigated. 

Viscosity. The viscosity of ozone-fluorine mixtures was determined in a modified Ostwald viscometer (1) which was used with a variable volume of liquid. The viscometer was made from precision-bore glass tubing (4 mm. i.d.) with a capillary section 0.203 mm. in diameter and 12 on. long. 

Surface Tension. The surface tension of various ozone-fluorine mixtures was determined by the capillary rise method in the apparatus used for the viscosity measurements (1) using Equation 4. 

Table HI, Surface Tension of Ozone-Fluorine Mixtures...

Figure 1. Vapor pressure of liquid ozone-fluorine mixtures...

Vapor Pressure. Two different techniques (1, 2) were used to determine the vapor pressure of various liquid ozone-fluorine mixtures, depending on the pressures to be measured. The first technique was developed... 

These studies indicate that liquid ozone-fluorine mixtures are homogeneous and do not form a two-phase region as does the ozone-oxygen system. Mixtures of 30% ozone in fluorine require very few handling precautions over those observed with 100% liquid fluorine. 

Oxidation with ozone is a common method for the preparation of fluorinated compounds. Cyclic or linear alkenes can be treated with ozone and, depending on the workup of the reaction mixture, aldehydes, ketones or carboxylic acids are produced. This is illustrated by the ozonoly-sis of. l,.3,4.4-tetrafluorocyclohexene. Oxidative workup gives, depending on the oxidizing agent, formylpentanoic acid 3 or the diaeid 4 with reductive workup the dialdehyde 2 is obtained. If the alkene is substituted by an alkyl group, the product is a ketone. 

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