Surface science agglomeration

Suzuki, N., Sasaki, H., Morinaga, Y. and Yamada, Y. (2005) Nano-porous manganese oxide formed by self-assembled agglomeration of nanocrystalhtes. Applied Surface Science,... 

Many of the crucial problems for researchers in this area are the same as the ones encountered in other areas of surface and interfacial science. The research of chemical engineers on high-performance ceramic materials, field-induced bioseparations, and fouling also addresses phenomena such as agglomeration and clustering in dispersions and rheology of dispersions. For EPIDs,... 

Moreno-Atanasio, R. Ghadiri, M. 2006 Mechanistic analysis and computer simulation of impact breakage of agglomerates effect of surface energy. Chemical Engineering Science 61, 2476-2481. 

Nevertheless, the development of all agglomeration techniques is still more an art than a science. Often the material to be agglomerated is produced in the project itself and, therefore, samples can not be supplied at the time of plant design. If the actual material that needs to be processed in a new installation is available, its amount may be limited. The testing of similar materials from different sources, even if they are chemically identical and seem to be physically comparable, is not recommended because traces of impurities and miniscule changes of surface structure, for example, can de-... 

Mitsubishi Corp. has developed a Rovalpolypropylene fiber with good antistatic, anticorrosive, and color properties. It can be woven into carpet for computer rooms. Courtaulds Corp. invented an electrically conductive polypropylene fiber that has excellent chemical resistance. Unlike surface-treated conductive fibers, this polypropylene fiber provides uniform electrical conductivity across its filament. These conductive fibers are now offered in multifilament and monofilament forms at 12 and 18 tex. An antistatic polypropylene fiber of fine denier was also invented by researchers at East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. It can be used in domestic polypropylene carpets. With hypothermal agglomerates, it can be prepared in partially oriented polypropylene filament yarn for use in antipollution, antistatic applications such as work clothes for operating personnel in oil, chemical, and electronics industries [230,231]. 

Since the beginning of colloids science, however it is also known that the agglomeration of colloids and dispersed particles can be prevented or controlled by stabilization [8]. The attractive interactions between the colloidal particles, caused by van-der-Waals forces, need to be compensated by repulsive interactions. The latter can be based either on electrostatic repulsion due to same-sign surface charges (electrostatic stabilization), or on repulsion via a polymer shell formed through adsorption of polymers to the particle surface (steric stabilization, in presence of polyelectrolytes termed electrosteric stabilization due to additional charged-induced repulsion) [9, 10]. The stabilization by control of the interaction forces between colloidal particles has been in the focus of extensive research efforts. Already... 

Synthesis of nanomaterials is not simple due to their thermodynamic and kinetic tendency of particle to agglomerate into bulk particles due to high surface energies. For the synthesis of nanomaterial, it is necessary to know the mechanism for the change of molecular precursor to their final materials. The soft chemical approach in nanoscience leads to the synthesis of fairly monodispersed nanoparticle and the non-aggregated nanoparticle is no longer a constraint for bulk production in material science. 

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