Surface modifications future trends

Several environment-friendly surface preparation for the treatment of mbber soles with radiations have been recently studied. These treatments are clean (no chemicals or reactions by-products are produced) and fast, and furthermore online bonding at shoe factory can be produced, so the future trend in surface modification of substrates in shoe industry will be likely directed to the industrial application of those treatments. Corona discharge, low-pressure RF gas plasma, and ultraviolet (UV) treatments have been successfully used at laboratory scale to improve the adhesion of several sole materials in shoe industry. Recently, surface modification of SBR and TR by UV radiation has been industrially demonstrated in shoe industry... 

The industrial development of silica sol manufacturing methods is reviewed. Primary attention is focused on the preparation of monodispersed sols from water glass by the ion-exchange method. Details are given for variations of manufacturing process and for the characteristics of both the processes and sols obtained. Furthermore, the following surface modifications of particles are demonstrated silica sols stabilized with ammonia, amine, and quaternary ammonium hydroxide aluminum-modified or cation-coated silica sol and lithium silicate. Finally, future trends in silica sol manufacturing are discussed from the viewpoint of not only raw materials and improvement of the procedures but also the function of the silica sols and their particle shape. 

Each section will express in detail features that can impart advanced properties to the polymer composites, with methods of surface modification, the central role of composites as sustained and controlled release systems (of drugs and other bioactive agents), and a part that reports on nanocomposites. The chapter concludes with general remarks and an insight of the likely future trends concerning the use of polymer composites for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. 

The contents of the current volume presents a sampling of more than 150 oral and poster papers delivered at the Symposium on Access in Nanoporous Materials II held in Banff, Alberta on May 25-28, 2000. The selected papers cover the three main themes of the symposium (i) synthesis of mesoporous silicas, framework-modified mesoporous silicas, and surface-modified mesoporous silicas, (ii) synthesis of other nanoporous and nanostructured materials, and (iii) characterization and applications of nanoporous materials. About 70% of the papers are devoted to the synthesis of siliceous mesoporous molecular sieves, their modification, characterization and applications, which represent the current research trend in nanoporous materials. The remaining contributions provide some indications on the future developments in the area of non-siliceous molecular sieves and related materials. Although the present book does not cover all topics in the area of nanoporous materials, it reflects the current trends and advances in this area, which will certainly attract the attention of materials chemists in the 21st Century. 

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