Surface induced dissociation

Surface-induced dissociation (SID) is an extremely fast activation technique where precursor ions are m/z-sclcctivcly accelerated and collided with a solid surface. The amount 

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Ion activation is also accomplished by collisions of the fast-moving precursor ions with a solid surface [12,13]. This ion-surface collision technique, known as surface-induced dissociation (SID), can be implemented on a variety of tandem mass spectrometry systems, such as magnetic sector, TOF, quadrupoles, ion traps, and FT-ICR-MS, by placing a solid surface in the path of the ions [13]. The surface can be a bare metal (e.g., a stainless-steel plate) or a metal covered with self-assembled monolayers [14]. Ion-surface collisions are more efficient in terms of internal energy conversion because of the greater mass of the colliding surface [see Eq. (4.4)]. Consequently, compared to the CID process, in which a serious decrease in the dissociation efficiency is observed, ions of much higher mass can 

SID conditions can be tuned to deliver spectra resembling either high- or low-energy CID spectra [32], The absence of collision gas presents an advantage of SID over CID because losses of resolution due to high background pressure are avoided. SID has been successfully employed for structure elucidation of proto-nated peptides [36], and an SID mode of operation has even been implemented with a quadrupole ion trap [37]. However, apart from the quadrupole ion trap, SID requires substantial modifications of the instrumental hardware circumstances that made SID lag behind the countless applications of CID. 

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SFC/MS. supercritical fluid chromatography and mass spectrometry used as a combined technique SID. surface-induced dissociation (or decomposition)... 

The principle of MS/MS for direct analysis of a multicomponent system is shown in Figure 6.18, in which the first mass spectrometer (MS I) operates with soft ionisation (FI, FD, Cl, LD), and thus produces an ensemble of molecular ions (M + H+, M — H+, or adducts). For identification of molecule ABC only ABC+ is allowed to enter an interface or fragmentation zone for excitation by collisional activation, laser radiation or surface-induced dissociation. Within the time of one vibration (10-13s), ABC+ dissociates into fragments characterising the original molecule. They are separated and detected by MS II [226]. Soft ionisation with FI/FD produces low ion yields, which may be insufficient for MS/MS LVEI (typically at 20 V) can be an alternative. Complete analysis of a multicomponent system is carried out in some 20 min. 

Other means of manipulating ions trapped in the FTMS cell include photodissociation (70-74), surface induced dissociation (75) and electron impact excitation ("EIEIO")(76) reactions. These processes can also be used to obtain structural information, such as isomeric differentiation. In some cases, the information obtained from these processes gives insight into structure beyond that obtained from collision induced dissociation reactions (74). These and other processes can be used in conjunction with FTMS to study gas phase properties of ions, such as gas phase acidities and basicities, electron affinities, bond energies, reactivities, and spectroscopic parameters. Recent reviews (4, 77) have covered many examples of the application of FTMS and ICR, in general, to these types of processes. These processes can also be used to obtain structural information, such as isomeric differentiation. 

This paper focuses on special ionization methods such as secondary ion MS (SIMS) (1, 13, 24-28) and ZCf plasma desorption (PD), and on MS/MS methods for characterizing primary ions, such as surface induced dissociation (SID), laser photodissociation, and neutralization of multiply charged ions. A Hadamard transform method for more efficient recording of multiple MS-II spectra is also proposed. 

Another activation method, which is performed without gas, uses collisions with a solid surface [22,23], This method is called surface-induced dissociation (SID). In practice,... 

Surface-induced dissociation [85], which requires the introduction of an appropriate surface into the FT-ICR cell. 

Ca91 J. H. Callahan, M. M. Ross, V. H. Wysocki, J. Jones and M. Ding, Fragmentation Yields in Surface-Induced Dissociation Tandem Mass Spectrometry, in Proceedings of the 39ih ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Nashville, TN May 19-24, 1991, pp. 829-830 (1991). 

For review of the surface-induced dissociation method applied to polyatomic ions, see Cooks, R. C. Ast, T. Mabud, Md. A. Ini. J. Mass Sptcirom. Ion Processts, in press. For a recent comprehensive review of niolecule-surracc hyperthermal collision processes and scattering, see Amirav, A. Comments Al. Mol. Phys., invited review, in press. 

Figure 10. Surface-induced dissociation (SID) profiles for naphthalene (CtoHi ) including signal due to pick-up of one or more methyl groups firom the surface,...

Mabud, M. A., Dekrey, M. J. and Cooks, R. G. Surface-induced dissociation of molecular ions. Int.. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 67 285-294, 1985. 

AR Dongre, A Somogyi, VH Wysocki. Surface-induced dissociation an effective tool to probe structure, energetics and fragmentation mechanisms of pro-tonated peptides. J Mass Spectrom 31 339—350, 1996. 

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