Surface functional groups 732 INDEX

It appears from the evolution of the adhesion index that a distinction has to be made between the interactions carbon blacks are able to have with unsaturated or with saturated (or near-to-saturated) elastomers. Thus, the adhesion index of butyl rubber is enhanced upon oxidation of the black, while the reverse is observed with polybutadiene 38). The improvement of the reinforcing ability of carbon black upon oxidation, in the former case, has been interpreted by Gessler 401 as due to chemical interactions of butyl rubber with active functional groups on the solid surface. Gessler, relating the reinforcing characteristics of the oxidized carbon black for butyl rubber to the presence of carboxyl groups on the surface of the filler, postulated a cationic... 

Owing to its remarkable properties nanodiamond suits very well to being part of composite materials. In particular it is the small particle size, the hardness, the large chemical inertness, its nontoxicity and the high refractive index that may beneficially complement the properties of the polymer matrix. The latter may be connected to the diamond particles either by covalent bonding or by noncovalent interaction. Numerous examples of noncovalently bound composites have been reported in the literature (Section 5.6.1). StiU the interaction with the matrix is by far more complex than discussed for the nanotubes and fullerenes. This is due to the more variable surface structure that features not only graphitized domains, but also a variety of polar and nonpolar functional groups. 

Table 13.1 [30] shows a varying relationship of different solvents with plasmon peak position [31] of Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-stabilized gold NPs. This shows two types of linearity. The of the LSPR of gold NPs in these solvents gradually shifts toward red with the increase in solvent refractive index. This is a linear dependence. But solvents with varying functional groups have a tendency of interaction with surface of Au NPs. Here A shift can be observed with a nonhnear fashion. 

In a distinct vein, BC/chitosan membranes have been tested for pervaporative separation of binary aqueous-organic mixtures (ethanol/water) [111]. The substantially high pervaporative separation index (350 kg. x.m. h 0 and low activation energy (10 kj.mol ) are indicative of the high potential of BC/chitosan membranes in the pervaporative separation of ethanol/water azeotrope. Targeting to mimic the intrinsic antimicrobial properties of chitosan on BC nanofibrils, nanostructured BC nanocomposite membranes were obtained by surface functionalization with aminoalkyl groups (Figure 2.14) [114]. These bioactive nanostructured membranes also presented improved mechanical and thermal properties and may be useful for biomedical applications. 

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