Surface engineering applications

FIGURE 7.1 Schematic representation of the electrical double layer in the vicinity of the solid-liquid interface. (From Williams, R.A., in Colloid and Surface Engineering Applications in the Process Industries, Butter-worth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1992. With permission.)... 

Colloid and Surface Engineering Applications in dw Process Industries, R A Williams... 

Often it is the properties of a surface which are critical in an engineering application. Examples are components which must withstand wear or exhibit low friction or resist oxidation or corrosion. Then the desired properties can often be achieved by creating a thin surface layer with good (but expensive) properties on a section of poorer (but cheaper) metal, offering great economies of production. 

The method illustrated here for determining the length of a given curve can be emended to evaluate the surface of a solid. It is particularly useful in engineering applications to determine, for example, the surface generated by the revolution of a given contour. 

Dimitrios Maroudas, Modeling of Radical-Surface Interactions in the Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Thin Films Sanat Kumar, M. Antonio Floriano, and Athanassiors Z. Panagiotopoulos, Nanostructured Formation and Phase Separation in Surfactant Solutions Stanley I. Sandler, Amadeu K. Sum, and Shiang-Tai Lin, Some Chemical Engineering Applications of Quantum Chemical Calculations... 

Surface engineering by means of fluorination is an effective way to change surface properties, and is used for both polymer surfaces and inorganic substrates. Polymer surface fluorination has been around a long time. The first patent we know of dates back to 1938,1 but it was only in the 1970s that the introduction of several major industrial applications led to a rapid acceleration in development. 

Fig. 9.6 outlines the possibilities of using SAMs for the study and application of physical and chemical surface engineering on the molecular scale. 

Figure 3. Ranges of kinetic energy and equivalent flux density of incident species for various engineering applications for ion-surface and gas-surface interactions. Kinetic energy ranges of particles in which significant interactions occur are also shown. (Reproduced with permission from reference 36. Copyright 1984 American Institute of Physics.)...

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