Surface energy modulation

Solution deposited materials can be patterned by defining areas on the substrate where the solvent wets well and other areas where it wets poorly (e.g. 

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As with blanket deposition, printing has been used to deposit a full range of materials including conductors, insulators, semiconductors, masking materials, and surface energy modulation materials to create OFETs and integrated circuits with OFETs. 

In the EER method, the relative variation of the optical reflection coefficient (AR/R) of the electrode surface caused by the low-frequency harmonic modulation of the electrode potential is used as the informational signal [96-98]. The high sensitivity of EER technique (it is possible to detect the AR/R values of about 10 5-10 7) allow us to identify the impurity electronic levels in a semiconductor band gap at their very small concentrations and, therefore, to control the actual surface energy states rather than those distributed in the sub-surface region [49-57]. 

There are also other modules, for instance one of the most detailed parameterisa-tions of urban effects within current numerical models with explicit consideration of the effects of buildings, roads, and other anthropogenic building materials on the urban surface energy budget, was suggested by Masson 2000 [398] in the Town Energy Balance (TEB) scheme. 

A potential solution to prevent fouling is to develop fouling release membranes that do not resist the adhesion of foulants, but have an active layer with a low surface energy so that adhered foulants can be readily washed away by hydrodynamic mixing in the membrane module [21] provided the water flux and salt rejection of the resulting membrane are not compromised. 

Swickrath MJ, Bums SD, Wnek GE (2009) Modulating passive micromixing in 2D microfluidic devices via discontinuities in surface energy. Sens Actuators B 140(2) 656-662... 

As discussed in Lopez-Haro et some differences in the thermodynamics of CO-Au adsorption may also be expected to occur between the gold single-crystal and oxide-supported nanoparticle surfaces. According to the literature, the energy of CO adsorption on gold may depend on variables like the coordination number of the surface atoms, ° modulations induced on the An nanoparticles by the nature or redox state of the oxide support - and even, as suggested by some authors, on quantum effects associated with the size of the nanoparticles. These differences will obviously determine the specific T-P q relation at the adsorption equilibrium. 

Modulation of the surface energy of crystals by the addition of various organic or inorganic additives is a well-known strategy for tuning their equilibrium morphology and size in a predictable way. ... 

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