Surface alkalization

The similar behavior observed for all CO-alkal i-transition metal systems indicates the same type of alkali-CO interactions, irrespective of the nature of the transition metal. Interestingly these work function data confirm that adsorbed CO on alkali modified transition metal surfaces shows overall the behavior of an electron acceptor molecule. 

Surface (floor) disinfection employs aldehydes combined with cationic surfactants and oxidants or, more rarely, acidic or alkalizing agents. 

Alkalization suppresses acidic spots on the surface of the catalyst and also promotes the reactions (Section 4.1.1.1) which remove deposited carbon from the catalyst surface. It is also advisable when processing natural gas which contains C, hydrocarbons to fill the first third of the tube, where the highest heat flux occurs, with alkalized reforming catalyst. 

In this work, the influence of the conditions of aluminium hydroxide precipitation on interfacial surface development was analyzed, and batch-scale experiments on active aiuminium hydroxide (AAH) formation were conducted. Aluminium hydroxide precipitates were produced by alkalization of aluminium sulfate solutions using sodium hydroxide. 

Both activity and selectivity respond in a very sensitive manner to the extent of catalyst alkalization (normally doping by means of K2O). It appears that the chemisorption of the reactants and the speed of all CO-consuming reactions (CO reduction, water-gas shift reaction, surface-carbide formation, etc.) are increased. While in former times the liquefaction result (amount of liquid gasolines) was the quality measure of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, nowadays it is narrow product distributions into which research puts its efforts. To this end, the mechanistic question has maintained focal importance. The oil crisis in the 1970s initiated intensive work in order to narrow down the Fischer-Tropsch product spectrum. 

Activated carbon A pound of carbon has a surface area of 125 acres and can absorb thousands of different contaminants. It is particularly effective on bad tastes and odors, chlorine, radon, most sediment, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but has little ability to alkalize water. Activated carbon filtration systems are available in many forms, including under-the-counter and counter-top options and units that fit inside pitchers and even in personal water bottles. 

Olefin isomerization and -hydrogenation on cobalt are thought to perform at on-plane sites of the metal, which are not active for chain growth [19, 22]. With alkalized iron there may no metallic surface an5miore exist, to allow for olefin secondary reactions (see below). 

Starting the run with a precipitated, reduced, alkalized iron catalyst, this is initially not active (Fig. 11). FT-activity is developed through formation of iron carbide and enrichment of alkali on the surface (Figs. 12,13,14). It reaches the steady state when all the metallic iron has reacted (Figs. 12, 13), and no metallic iron can be any more detected. It follows, metallic iron is not needed for FT-synthesis and also then not present for olefin reactions and CO-medianation (in contrast to FT-synthesis on Co-, Ni- and Ru-catalysts). 

To modify the fiber surface and its internal structure various treatments have been carried out, including alkalization, acetylation, acrylation, permanganate, cya-noethylation, and the use of silane coupling agents. In general, fiber treatments can increase interphase adhesion and also lead to penetration of the matrix resin into the fibers and influence the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composites [33]. 

Alkali treatment improves the surface structure of sisal fiber and decreases its diameter. Due to the removal of cementing substances firom the itmer surface of lumen, polymer can easily penetrate into the cavities of sisal fiber. Moreover, alkali treatment improves the fiber wetting. Extensive work has been done by several researchers who reported that sisal fiber was treated with different concentrations of NaOH (% w/w 0.25, 0.5,1.0, 2.0, 5.0,10) solution for a fixed time period, washed with water, and dried in an air oven or vacuum dried [34—40]. This process is known as alkalization or mercerization. 

Banana stem and bunch Mechanical separation Silanization, Alkalization a-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy- silane Chemical, thermal analysis, contact angle, surface free energy 26... 

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